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Piney Grove Science Seminar Lecture 6

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Sussex County

(and Surry)

Temperate

Deciduous Forest

  • Traditionally - mature forests of Oak and Hickory

  • More common today- young pine (logging industry)

  • Swamp forests of cypress

  • Agricultural cropland and limited development

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Adam’s Store

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Piney Grove Nature Preserve & Big Woods Management Area

Adam’s Store

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Piney Grove Nature Preserve:

Mature Pine Savannah

  • pine trees 40+ years old
  • grassy forest floor
  • few or no deciduous trees

Why is it different from other forests?

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There are two main reasons:

  • Fire- controlled burns keep the undergrowth clear

2. No logging- the mature pines are not cut down

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The Red Cockaded Woodpecker

Picoides borealis

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The Red Cockaded Woodpecker

  • Medium-sized woodpecker.
  • Black and white coloration.
  • Size: 8-9 in. long, 14 in. wingspan
  • Diet primarily arthropods (>75%),

but also eats fruits/seeds

Other Names

  • Pic à face blanche (French)�Carpintero cara blanco (Spanish)

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These woodpeckers are very particular about their nests…

The spend up to two years digging a hole in a living pine tree that is infected with “red-heart fungus.”

They peck the wood around and below the hole so the tree leaks a yellowish sap. The sap prevents snakes from getting to the nest.

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North

East

West

South

50ft

40ft

30ft

20ft

10ft

Position of Nest

  • Direction hole faces- compass
  • Height of hole- circle
  • Symbol of hole

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These woodpeckers nest in familial colonies of 8-12 birds.

Only one pair breeds in a colony.

All the birds in the colony help feed and care for the young.

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Banding of birds for future identification

Banding of birds for future identification

A baby Red Cockaded Woodpecker

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Their numbers in Virginia are increasing because of the work of The Nature Conservancy and their work in Piney Grove, Sussex.

A 2017 Census of the population counted 13 breeding pair and 96(!!!) birds.

Because the needs of these birds is so exact, they have been in decline for many years. In 1970 they were added to the “Endangered Species List”

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Even though things are improving for these birds, there is great Human Impact on the environment in Sussex County

- Development

- Farming

- Forestry

- The Landfill

- Mining