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Depth & Complexity

Thinking tools and strategies for ALL students.

Tammy Falcone

Valerie Grenawalt

Katya Grandt

Laura McKone

Rigor & Differentiation

through

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Agenda

  • Gain general understanding of D/C tools
  • Understand routine to introduce D/C to students
  • See three ways of structuring assignments
  • Leave with materials used in presentation today
  • Know where to find resources on Grenawalt Central

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The Depth and Complexity critical thinking tools were developed by Professor Sandra Kaplan following extensive research into what types of knowledge distinguished experts in a field of study from those with only a surface level of knowledge.

What does an EXPERT know that a novice doesn’t?

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  • Teachers use these critical thinking tools to extend the state academic content standards.

  • These thinking tools are designed to guide thinking to a deeper and more complex level.

  • They provide a means for students to exhibit abstract thinking, and help students to make interdisciplinary connections.

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D/C is Not A Curriculum or a program you must use with fidelity

It is simply, a set of tools

“Thinking Apps”

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DEPTH PROMPTS promote a deeper understanding of the content being taught.

COMPLEXITY PROMPTS promote scholarly insights into the connections across time, people and disciplines.

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#

Prompt ?

Like for writing ?

No, more like a prompt to think about something through a certain lens

Is an icon the prompt ?

In a way, but each icon represents specific thinking skills

ICONS = PROMPTS

Clues, facts, features

Categorize, sequence, describe

Cycles, recurring elements

Identify relationships, prioritize

Controversies, professional rules or standards

Determine bias, test assumptions

terminology , jargon

Identify, list, define, judge criteria

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Eleven icons = total EXPERT subject thinking.

For example, a chemist would need to understand the language of chemistry, the different perspectives on chemistry, the rules that govern chemistry, the ethical decisions chemists face

Likewise, a professional football player would be an expert in the language of football the patterns of football the rules to follow, and the way the game has changed over time.

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Ok...So let’s try It ! With Popcorn

Can even something as simple as popcorn can be extended into an in-depth topic?

While Popcorn may be plain…

  • Group 1 - Discuss the ethical issues of popcorn …
  • Group 2 - Look at the trends of popcorn price at movie theaters …
  • Group 3 - Examine the rules of popcorn popping (hint - science) …
  • Group 4 - Study the details of what separates popcorn from other corn …
  • Group 5 - Share multiple perspectives about popcorn flavoring …
  • Group 6 - Analyze how popcorn has changed over time

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How to introduce it

Slides for

Teaching students the Prompts

Powtoon - quick fun movie of the cycle

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Define

Relate to Your Life

Integrate w/News

Apply to Topic

What are some synonyms for the ideas in this prompt? What words or definition can you give to clarify the ideas in this prompt?

Identify and explain an example or examples of how the prompt can be seen in a specific area of your life.

Identify and explain an example or examples of how the prompt can be seen currently in the news.

What are some things in the class discussion topic that fall under the definition of this prompt?

Relate to icon if helpful

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How should I structure it?

  • Student led
  • Combo - teacher/student led
  • Teacher structured using DoK

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  • OPEN ENDED - STUDENT LED, 8th Adv. LA

Capitalism, communism, utopia & Real Life

  • House of Scorpion by Nancy Farmer
  • “Harrison Bergeron” by Kurt Vonnegut
  • “The Veldt” by Ray Bradbury
  • “The Man Who Corrupted Hadleyburg” by Mark Twain
  • “Most Dangerous Game” by Richard Connell

(Optional)

Excerpts from

  • Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith

  • The Communist Manifesto by Marx & Engles

Two Depth & Complexity Prompts

Thesis statement

How has this text made you smarter about living in this world?

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Kurt Vonnegut’s “Harrison Bergeron” illustrates the ethical controversies and paradoxes associated with the idea of equality.

  • Coleman

SAMPLE THESIS STATEMENTS, ADV 8TH LA

Kurt Vonnegut’s “Harrison Bergeron” uses a main idea and many details to imply individuality can never be extinguished. - Caleb

Richard Connell’s “Most Dangerous Game” uses a character’s needs changing over time and the convergence of experiences to bring to light man’s need for competition. - Calvin

Nancy Farmer’s House of the Scorpion shows how the rules of the class system have negatively affected different societies over time. - Ben

“The Man Who Corrupted Hadleyburg” by Mark Twain illustrates the unsolvable nature of human greed that is paralleled within modern society.

- Lane

Ursula K. Le Guin’s “The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas” illustrates the ethical pattern of people exploiting others for their own gain that is common over time. - Ceci

“The Veldt” by Ray Bradbury demonstrates how human greed contributes to feelings of uselessness over time.

- Genna

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COMBO

TEACHER

STRUCTURED

&

STUDENT LED

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AP US Gov’t & Politics

Article

Ten groups of 3-4 students

One prompt per group - annotate text for key components of prompt

Group Presentations

Meet as a group, choose one Q3 task card that relates to your topic and address that also.

Differentiate by which cards you give to certain groups, or by layering on the complexity prompts for groups who need more challenge.

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Teacher

STRUCTURED -

USING DoK

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Warning

  • Just Identify details
  • Just Identify trends
  • Just Identify ethical issues

Combine and layer prompts for more challenge.

CDE pairs with DoK �Works w/Blooms

Link to article on Byrdseed

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Burn This! Why the DoK Wheel does NOT Address Depth of Knowledge

  • Erik Francis, ASCD author

“Depth of knowledge deals with the setting, scenario, or situation in which thinking is demonstrated. It addresses context rather than cognition -- in other words, it's not what the student is expected to do or demonstrate but rather the scenario or the situation in which students express and share their learning.” - Erik Francis

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DOK 1

DESCRIBE three details/characteristics of metamorphic rocks.

D/C Prompts with DOK Levels

DOK 2 DESCRIBE ANALYZE the parallels that exist between the details/characteristics of igneous and metamorphic rocks.

DOK 3 DESCRIBE

CREATE a detailed model that you might use to represent the rock cycle.

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Level 1

What ethical issues are raised in the Kermode bear nonfiction articles and video?

Level 2

How can you categorize the ethical issues to better understand the multiple perspectives involved in the Kermode bear controversy? (eg pro/con)

Level 3

Write a theme statement that addresses an ethical issue Touching Spirit Bear. Explain how details from the setting, plot, or character development support your view.

Level 4

Create a solution to/make a recommendation for one of the ethical issues you identified. Prioritize either the Tlingit Indian perspective or the oil company’s perspective.

Depth & Complexity tasks by DoK Level

Touching spirit bear novel & Kermode Bear nonfiction pairing

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Layering Thinking for More Challenge

  • Writing Tasks Using DoK -

  • Each group take a card; focus on one prompt
  • Consider a unit or lesson; write a learning task for each DoK level

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Tomlinson, 2014

Differentiation 101

Reasons to Differentiate

Ways to Differentiate

Philosophy

  • Respond to needs

  • Teacher shares responsibility with students

  • Always a work in progress

Structure

  • Varied tasks

  • Qualitatively different work, NOT MORE

  • Ongoing reflection/adjustment

  • Flexible grouping

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Harry Passow’s test for a differentiated curriculum

We can ask ourselves these three questions:

1) WOULD all kids want to do it?

2) COULD all kids do it?

3) SHOULD all kids do it?

If the answer to any of these questions is “yes,” then it isn’t differentiated.

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Something that “squares” (agrees) with your thinking

Something that was interesting/stood out in the information

Something that is still circling around in your mind

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Shopping

Take any materials you want in other room.

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  • Add on to your D & C options

  • Layer w/prompts

ADVANCED D/C

CONTENT IMPERATIVES

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ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

Grenawalt Central - Helpful stuff I put online for you

JAY TAYLOR EDUCATION - original publisher of D & C materials, including free digital downloads of all icons.

Ajjuliani.com - tremendous bunch of resources for genius hour and other differentiation. Sign up for toolbox.

Byrdseed - Great GT site, including in-depth info on D & C and the DIFFERENTIATOR.

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CHECK OUT THE TASK CARDS

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frames

  • Look at a topic using more than one prompt
  • Formative Assessment
  • Pre/post learning
  • Table talk

  • Focus thinking on topic (center) or question