A
Presentation on
“In Air Battery Swapping”
Department of Electrical Engineering
University Department ,Kota
Presented to :-
Mr. Pankaj Kumar
(Assistant Professor)
Presented By :-
Abhishek Singh (17/758)
Bhavuk Kumar (17/759)
Mukesh prajapat (17/767)
Anjali Rughwani (17/791)
Hemant Menaria (17/793)
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
Variations of unmanned vehicles or drones are widely used in diverse fields, including monitoring or manipulation with dangerous substances.
One of the best drone constructions, which can be used in these fields, is an X-copter. In air battery swapping of a drone As well as taking aerial photography to the next level, small drones can help tackle wildlife poaching, survey industrial sites, be used for mapping, deliver packages or assist with policing an area.
INTRODUCTION
Drones in different variations are an inherent part of human life, whether from the perspective of entertainment, monitoring or handling with dangerous substances. Most of the drones are based on specialized devices and controlled by radio . There can be a different approach to control drones based on universal microcontrollers itself or in combination with flight controllers
COMPONENTS
The main purpose of propellers is generating torque and thrust. Thanks to this it is possible for quad copter flying and maneuver.
Propeller’s thrust is measured in grams or pounds and the upward thrust, which is needed to hover the drone, must be equal to drone weight. The thrust depends on the speed of spin and flight dynamics of the quad copter.
The longer propellers can generate more thrust at the same speed. On the other hand, the torque must be higher. The larger propeller does not mean the higher speed of the quad copter, because speed is determined primarily by the propeller pitch.
A number of blades have an effect on the efficiency of propellers and generating of thrust. Two blade propellers are more efficient than three or four-bladed propellers, however, it generates less thrust.
Material
The material has a significant effect on stiffness and durability of the propeller. One of the most used materials is plastic compound, which is flexible and bends in cases of crashes. On the other hand, its main disadvantages are vibrations, which can affect the flight performance of your drone. The material has also affected the weight of the propeller, which is important to flight performance. Lighter propellers have less moment of inertia that means the motor needs less torque to achieve the same RPM and its change is faster, that leads to better flight response. The weight also affects a vibration of the propeller which is important to minimize. The optimally balanced propeller has no vibration.
Motors
Brushless DC motors (BLDC) are the most used type of motor in the quad copter. BLDC is a motor with permanent magnet, which is driven by direct current (DC) electricity. Commutation is controlled electronically, instead of a mechanical commutation system, by permanent magnet rotor and stator with a sequence of coils. The permanent magnet rotates and the current carrying conductors are fixed. .
Quad copter – Gravity effect and motion.
BLDC Motor.
Battery
The most used type of batteries is Lithium Polymer (LiPo), which are used in smart phones, laptops or tablets. There are two main alternatives to LiPo batteries, a Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) and Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) batteries. However, LiPo batteries have some significant advantages over NiMH or NiCd batteries. LiPo batteries have higher capacity, discharge and are lighter.
Flight controller
The flight controller is the brain of the drone. It is a circuit board which serves as a basic sensory system that detects the orientation of the drone and receives the user's commands and controls to the motors. The controller is also some kind of HUB for other peripherals, like an SPC, LED etc. As a flight controller can be used a wide variety of devices from the specialized microcontroller to universal microcontrollers, like a Raspberry or Arduino. The Choice of Flight controller depends on required properties.
TYPES AND DIMENSIONS OF DRONE
Types of drones
1- receiver drone (quad copter)
2- carrier drone ( Hexagonal drone)
Receiver drone details:-
Overall weight of drone= 700gm
Body type- carbon fiber (weight= 400gm)
Distance between diagonal arms = 30cm
Motor weight(per motor)= 60gm
Per motor thrust= 700gm
Motor rating= 2400KV
Battery= 2200mah
battery dimensions= 13*6*5cm
Battery weight= 200gm
Flight time= 10min
Carrier drone details:-
Overall weight of drone= 1000gm
Body type- carbon fiber (weight= 600gm)
Distance between diagonal arms = 60cm
Motor weight(per motor)= 60gm
Per motor thrust= 900gm
Motor rating= 1400KV
Battery= 5200mah
battery dimensions= 6.6*4.6*3.6inch
Battery weight= 300gm
Flight time= 15 min
Maximum weight carrying capacity of carrier drone = 3.5kg
WORKING PRINCIPLE
To change the battery in the air it is necessary that the receiver drone and the carrier drone fly in the same position. When our two drones come in a state of equilibrium, at that time our mechanical structure which is made of aluminum will come to the slot in which we have to replace the battery and rotate our door to which the motor is connected and put the battery inside the receiving slot and we hail the battery which is already connected there. To remove the battery already installed, we have installed a magnet on the door of our mechanical structure and we have applied a similar type of magnet on the top of our battery when our door rotates 180 degrees then it will be on the top of our battery.
They will line up and both magnets will attract each other and our pre-installed battery will come out and our carrier will come back to its starting place with our battery, thus our in-air battery swapping process is completed.
CONCLUSION
We have introduced the concept and design of a flying battery - a carrier quad copter that can carry a secondary battery for a receiver quad copter, allow it to switch its power supply from the primary battery to the secondary battery and again get back to surveillance.
Thank You