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SIMPLE MACHINES

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MACHINES

Machines are used to transform energy, multiply speed or force, and change the direction of the force

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SIMPLE MACHINES

Simple Machines do work in one movement or a one-type-of-work easing device.

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MACHINES

Simple Machine

Compound Machine

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COMPOUND MACHINES

Compound Machine is made up of two or more simple machines.

Example: Bicycle, Sewing Machine

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  1. Lever
  2. Inclined Plane
  3. Wedge
  4. Screw
  5. Pulley
  6. Wheel and Axle

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LEVER

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INCLINED PLANE

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WEDGE

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WEDGE

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SCREW

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PULLEY

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WHEEL AND AXLE

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WHEEL AND AXLE

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SIMPLE MACHINES

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SIMPLE MACHINES

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LEVER

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Lever

  • The lever is a device, which has a fulcrum or a pivot point, the effort end where force is applied, and the resistance end is where the load is located.

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Parts of a Lever

  • 4. Resistant Arm (dr) – the distance of the resistance to the fulcrum.
  • 5. Effort Arm (de) – the distance of the effort to the fulcrum.

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First Class Lever (RFE or EFR)

  • The Fulcrum is between the Effort and the Load or Resistance as in a seesaw.

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Second Class Lever FRE or ERF

  • The Fulcrum lies at one end, the Effort is applied to the other end and the Load is in the middle, as in a wheelbarrow.

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Third Class Lever (REF or FER)

  • The Fulcrum is in one end, but the load is at the other end, and the effort is applied in the middle, as in a human forearm.

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INCLINED PLANE

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Inclined Plane

  • An inclined plane is a flat supporting surface, tilted at an angle with one end higher than the other.

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Inclined Plane

  • An inclined plane lessens the effort exerted over a distance and changes its direction.
  • The lesser the angle of the inclined plane, the longer the distance, the lesser the effort needed.

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Inclined Plane

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WEDGE

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Wedge

  • A wedge is a double incline plane that is sharpened to an end.
  • It can be used to separate two portions of an object.

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Wedge

  • The thinner the wedge is, the lesser effort is needed to cut objects.

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WEDGE

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SCREW

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Screw

  • Screw is a modified inclined plane.
  • Screws are used to lift heavy objects or fasten two objects together.

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Screw

The spiral ridges of a screw is the Thread and the distance between each thread is the Pitch.

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Types of Screws

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PULLEY

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Pulley

  • A pulley is a modified wheel and axle. It is used to lift loads and apply forces.
  • A pulley has a rope sliding on the groove of the wheel.

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Kinds of Pulleys

  • 1. Fixed Pulley

Is generally hung, making the wheel stationary (not moving).

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Kinds of Pulleys

2. Movable Pulley – the entire wheel together with the axle travels along the rope.

Ex: Zipline

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MOVABLE PULLEY

Zipline uses a Movable Pulley

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Kinds of Pulley

  • 3. Block and Tackle is a combination of movable and fixed pulley.

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Block and Tackle Pulley

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WHEEL AND AXLE

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WHEEL AND AXLE

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Wheel and Axle

  • The Wheel and Axle refers to the assembly formed by two discs of different size attached together so they can rotate (turn around) together around the same axis.

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Wheel and Axle

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Wheel and Axle

  • It has the same appearance to the pulley but the Wheel is fixed to the Axle.

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Wheel and Axle

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  • SIMPLE MACHINES

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Tell what Simple Machine are the following:

  • 1. Ramp
  • 2. Axe
  • 3. Blade
  • 4. Flagpole
  • 5. Sloping Road

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  • 6. Wheelbarrow
  • 7. Bicycle gears
  • 8. Zipline
  • 9. Door Knob
  • 10. Spoon

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Safety Measures in Handling Simple Machines

1. To avoid getting hurt, do not play with sharp simple machines

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Safety Measures in Handling Simple Machines

  • 2. Keep machines in a cabinet or in a safe place away from children.

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Safety Measures in Handling Simple Machines

  • 3. When holding a tool, make sure its’ sharp edge points are downward, facing the ground.

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Safety Measures in Handling Simple Machines

  • 4. Before using any simple machine, be sure it is in good condition.

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Safety Measures in Handling Simple Machines

  • 5. When playing with levers like seesaw, never put your feet under and your hands near the fulcrum.

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Safety Measures in Handling Simple Machines

  • 6. When playing with inclined plane like slides, make sure that the end of the slide is secured.

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Safety Measures in Handling Simple Machines

  • 7. When using wheels and axles, like bikes and skateboards, use a helmet and make sure the wheel and axle are firmly attaches to each other.