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��THE RURAL LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES AND POVERTY IN THE PONGOLA AREA, KWAZULU-NATAL: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVE�

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KEYWORDS + LITERATURE:

  • Livelihoods
  • Rurality,
  • Poverty,
  • Productive Networks,
  • Social Grants
  • Agriculture

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  • RESEARCH FOCUS
  • What is rurality?
  • The meaning of rural livelihoods
  • The context of poverty in the study (social grants, subsistence agriculture)
  • The relationship between rurality, poverty and livelihoods

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PROBLEM STATEMENT�More research needs to be done around rurality and poverty based on the different circumstances people face in rural areas, which this study seeks to accomplish. The study will explore the gap on what do rural people need to improve their livelihoods from their current state.

AIM

The study aims to explore in close detail how rural livelihoods of the Pongola Area are managed and sustained through social networks.

OBJECTIVES

To detail and describe rural livelihoods

To trace livelihood strategies and networks

To examine rural incomes

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THEORATICAL FRAMEWORK

  • MANUEL CASTELLS’ NETWORK THEORY
  • NETWORK THEORY

Rural livelihood

Networks

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1.Stokvel

2.Church

3.Funerals

4.Weddings

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1.Formal and informal trading

2.Home economics

3.Street trading

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1.Family structure

(extended)

(nuclear)

2.Neighbours

1.Cormecial farming

2.Subsistance farming

3.Unemplyed/ unpaid family labour

4.Employed

5. Social grants

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ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH DESIGN

  • What is ethnography?
  • The significance of ethnography
  • Why use ethnographic

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