Growth and Expansion

The Industrial Revolution

• The Industrial Revolution was a period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production.
• In the 1800’s, it changed the way people lived and worked in the North.

The Industrial Revolution

• The Industrial Revolution began with textiles and slowly grew to include other products.
• Soon machines were being used to help manufacture all kinds of items like tools and firearms.

The Industrial Revolution

• The new idea of interchangeable parts became popular. Using this idea, all parts that make up a product are identical.
• Mass production of goods became possible.

Whitney brought the ideas of interchangeable parts and mass production to the U.S.

The Industrial Revolution

• It wasn’t long before the North was dotted with factories and mills producing all kinds of goods like cloth, guns, clocks, and tools.

The Industrial Revolution

• Many people in the North began to move from the rural areas to cities and more populated areas to work in these factories.
• The movement from rural to urban areas is called urbanization.

The Industrial Revolution

• As the Industrial Revolution went on, more and more factories switched to steam power.
• This meant factories could be built anywhere.
• Factories and the machines they used were better and faster.

Effects of the Industrial Revolution

• The Industrial Revolution caused major change in the U.S.
• The economy grew tremendously. As prices of goods dropped, more people could afford to buy them.

Effects of the Industrial Revolution

• By the 1830’s the U.S. saw large corporations develop, along with the rise of investments.
• Towns and cities grew and developed and centers of commerce, trade, and manufacturing.

Transportation

• Transportation in the U.S. also improved in the first half of the 19^th century.
• The national road was begun in 1811.
• River travel improved with the introduction of the steam boat.

Transportation

• A vast system of canals were also dug to allow easier access to the country’s major rivers.
• The Erie Canal opened in October of 1825.

This painting shows the "Seneca Chief," the flagship of a flotilla making

the maiden voyage down the Erie Canal.

An American Identity

• Between 1812 and 1840 the people of the U.S. developed their own national identity.
• America expanded and grew, and so did her people.

An American Identity

• Americans became proud of their country and their sense of nationalism grew.
• Many called this period an “era of good feelings.”

President James Monroe

• James Monroe was elected in 1816.
• During Monroe’s administration two major issues regarding the U.S.’s northern and southern borders were resolved.

Convention of 1818

• The Convention of 1818 settled the border dispute between the U.S. and Canada. The new border ran along the 49th parallel all the way to the Rockies. The two sides agreed to a share the Pacific Northwest.

Adams-Onis Treaty

• The U.S. signed the Adams-Treaty with Spain in 1819, which gave us Florida.
• In exchange the U.S. gave up its claims to present day Texas, and assumed some of Spain’s debt.

The Monroe Doctrine

• James Monroe issued a statement of U.S. foreign policy in 1823 that became known as the Monroe Doctrine.

The Monroe Doctrine

• The Monroe Doctrine, which Britain agreed with, declared that North and South America were now off-limits to further European colonization.

The Monroe Doctrine

“The American continents ... are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. We should consider any attempt on their part to extend their [political] system to any portion of this hemisphere, as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered, and shall not interfere. But with the governments who have declared their independence, and maintained it, and whose independence we have ... acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling, in any other manner, their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition towards the United States.”

The Monroe Doctrine

• Monroe was basically saying to Europe and the rest of the world, “You worry about your hemisphere, and we’ll worry about ours.”
• The Doctrine angered lot of of folks, but rarely did anyone challenge it.

Allyn Cox, Oil on Canvas, 1973-1974

The Monroe Doctrine

• The Monroe Doctrine established the U.S. as a power in the western hemisphere and in the world.
• It was a change from our ‘don’t bother us, we won’t bother you’ approach to the world.

The Missouri Compromise

• As the nation grew, slavery became an issue.
• Sectionalism, or devotion to your section of the country pretty well ended the Era of Good Feelings.

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The Missouri Compromise

• Southerners did not want to see any more free states added to the Union.
• Northerners felt the same way about slave states.

The Missouri Compromise

• Henry Clay proposed the Missouri Compromise.
• Under the agreement, Missouri would be added as a slave state and Maine would be added as a free state.

Henry Clay

The Missouri Compromise

• Also, no new states formed north of 36°30’ latitude would be slave states.
• Congress passed the compromise in 1820.
• The compromise ended up being a temporary fix.