Inventions�

9-С

Wheel �

• The invention of the wheel is the greatest achievement in the field of mechanics in the history of mankind. It is believed that this invention appeared in the Bronze Age. It is known from archaeological research that the first ancient wheels belong to the period 3500-1000 years BC and were found in places where there was a high level of civilization, where people were familiar with metals.
• In Mesopotamia, the first wheels were made of wood and were used to make pottery wheels. Later, they were used to make carts that allowed people to transport goods and people over long distances.
• Before the invention of the wheel, people used different ways of moving goods and people. One of the most common ways was to use animals such as sheep, goats, donkeys and horses. People also used carts that were pulled by humans or animals.
• The lack of a wheel made it difficult to transport goods and people over long distances. It also made construction and agriculture more difficult.
• The wheel became a real revolution in human history. It allowed people to significantly increase their labour productivity and expand their opportunities for movement.
• Now life would be hard without a wheel and it is very important, each of us uses it, I use it every day to go to school and home
• Yana Makarovych

Printer

• A printer is a device used to print text or images on paper or other materials. The history of printers dates back to the 19th century, when Charles Babbage developed a "difference machine" that could print the results of calculations. The first working printer was created by Chester Carlson in 1938, who invented the xerography process. The 1950s saw the first commercial printers, such as the Remington Rand UNIVAC UNIPRINTER.
• Today's printers are divided into different types, including laser, inkjet, dot matrix and 3D printers. Laser printers use a laser beam to create an image on paper. Inkjet printers spray ink onto the paper to form the image. Matrix printers use a head with needles to create an image on paper. 3D printers create three-dimensional objects by layering material.
• According to the printing method, printers can be impact and non-contact. By colour, printers are monochrome (black and white) and colour. By paper format, printers can support different formats. Printers can be connected to a computer through various interfaces. Modern printers often have additional features such as scanning and copying.
• I use the printer every day, both for school and for fun.

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• Bohdana Dutchyn

Snowmobile

• 1. A snowmobile is a vehicle that travels on snow.
• 2. It was invented by the Canadian engineer Joseph-Arman Bombardier.
• 3. He created the first snowmobile in 1935.
• 4. This machine helped people in snowy places.
• 5. At first, snowmobiles were used for work and transportation.
• 6. In 1959, a lighter model of Ski-Doo was introduced.
• 7. It became popular among tourists and athletes.
• 8. Snowmobiles are different: for travel, sports, work.
• 9. They help rescuers and residents of northern countries.
• 10. Most snowmobiles are in Canada, the USA and Scandinavia.
• 11. Today they are produced by many well-known companies.
• 12. Thanks to the snowmobile, people can easily move around in winter.
• 13. The first snowmobiles did not have a steering wheel - to turn, the driver had to lean in the right direction.
• 14 During my winter vacation I go to the Carpathians and ride a snowmobile.
• Anastasiia Lytovchuk

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Mirror

• The first mirrors appeared in Ancient Egypt about 4000 years ago. They were made of polished metals such as copper or bronze. These mirrors gave bad reflection and were decorative. In ancient Greece and Rome, metal mirrors were also used, but they began experimenting with glass. In the 13th century, Venetian craftsmen perfected the technique of making mirrors from glass. They covered the glass with metal layers, which gave it a clear reflection. In the 16th century, the German master Sebastian Lenz invented a method of making mirrors using mercury. This method became much more effective. In the 19th century, the method of coating glass with silver was invented, which improved the quality of the reflection. Silver mirrors were lighter and clearer, which made them popular in everyday. This process was much cheaper and allowed everyone to have mirrors. Modern mirrors are made with an aluminum or silver coating. They are used not only in everyday life, but also in science, medicine, technology and cars.
• I look in the mirrors a lot of times to do make-up, fix clothes or hairstyles.
• Uliana Petrunyshyn

Airplane

• I’d like to tell about invention of airplane.
• It was invented by two brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright in the USA. The first known airplane flight in human history was made on December 17, 1903. Wilbur and Orville Wright were the brothers who were the first to make a successful flight in an airplane. Wilbur was born on April 16, 1867, near Newcastle, Indiana, and Orville was born on August 19, 1871, in Dayton, Ohio. They grew up in Indiana and Ohio, moving several times with their family. They had five other brothers and sisters. The boys grew up inventing things. They became interested in flying when their dad gave them a toy helicopter. The first flight lasted 12 seconds. The distance of the first flight (piloted by Orville) was 37 meters. On the same day, Wilbur stayed in the air for 59 seconds and covered 260 meters. Over the next two years, the brothers continued to improve the airplane's design and made more than 200 flights. Before the invention of the airplane, they run a printing press and then a successful bicycle shop.
• Recently I flew on plane to visit my relatives.
• Olha Voitashek

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Electric lamp

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• I’d like to tell about the invention of electric lamp. The first important discovery was the phenomenon of the electric arc, which was observed by the scientist Vasyl Petrov. He discovered that a bright flash appears between two charcoal sticks under a current. This principle was later used for street lamps. However, people needed light that could be used at home. Inventors tried different ways: Heinrich Goebel made a lamp with a bamboo thread that glowed longer than others, and Oleksandr Lodygin used a metal thread to make the lamp work even better. The most successful lamp was created by Thomas Edison. He tested various materials for a long time and found the perfect combination: a thin carbon thread in a glass flask without air. Thanks to this, the lamp could burn for many hours. This is how electric light changed people's lives. Streets became bright, houses were illuminated, and darkness was no longer an obstacle to work and rest. Now light is used very often, and life without it is almost impossible, because almost everything that surrounds us depends on light.
• I very often use light, for example, to prepare food, wash things, do something in the evening when there is no daylight.

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• Veronika Melikhova

Bicycle

• Bicycles are of great importance to people today. Some people ride it because they like it, while others see it solely as a means of transport. The history of the bicycle dates back to the 18th century, when Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blonchon created a prototype of a bicycle without pedals. In 1817, Baron Karl von Dres from Germany developed a device called a "dresina", which had frontwheels that were turned by a steering wheel. In 1839 Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick
• Macmillan improved the trolley by adding pedals. The first example of a modern bicycle was created in the 1860s by Pierre and Ernest Michaux, who invented the pedal system. In 1888, John Boyd Dunlop invented the pneumatic tyre, which made riding more comfortable. The bicycle quickly became an affordable means of transport. He also contributed to the development of sports, and new sports emerged: cycling, cycling racing. Nowadays, bicycles have developed a lot, there are different types of bicycles: mountain bikes, road bikes, trick bikes (BMX). A bicycle is an environmentally friendly means of transport because it does not emit gases like a car. For me personally, cycling is not only a means of transport, but also an interesting hobby because it is fun to ride a bike and at the same time train your legs. This process also releases the happy hormone Dopamine.
• I often use my bicycle in the summer because it is the only means of transport I have, and I also enjoy riding it.
• Dmytro Shumei

Helicopter

• A helicopter is a heavier-than-air aircraft that is lifted upward by a rotating propeller. The first successful helicopter was created by Igor Sikorsky, a Ukrainian aircraft designer, in 1939.
• Helicopters can take off and land vertically, as well as hover in the air, making them unique among other aircraft. Helicopters are used in various fields, including military, civil aviation, medicine, rescue operations, and others. Helicopters can fly at different altitudes, from a few meters above the ground to several thousand meters above sea level. Helicopters can reach speeds of up to 300 km/h, but usually it is lower.
• There are many different types of helicopters, each designed to perform specific tasks.Helicopters are used for firefighting, cargo transportation, patrolling, and other purposes. Helicopters can land in hard-to-reach places, which makes them essential in difficult conditions or mountainous terrain. Helicopter control requires high qualification and experience from the pilot.
• The Ukrainian Defense Forces actively use Mi-8 helicopters and Mi-24 helicopters equipped with a four-barreled 12.7 mm machine gun.
• Helicopters play an important role in the modern world, providing fast and effective performance of various tasks.
• Unfortunately, I have never flown in a helicopter before, but I believe that in the future I will be able to realize my little dream
• Solomiia Dmytryshyn

Camera

• The first camera was invented by the Frenchman Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in 1826. He used a camera obscura to project an image. Niépce covered a metal plate with a thin layer of asphalt. The plate became light-sensitive. After a long exposure, the image was fixed. This camera was called a "heliograph". The first photograph was taken from a window. The exposure lasted about eight hours. The image was not clear but visible. Niépce laid the foundation for the further development of photographs. His invention marked the beginning of the era of photography. Over time, the technology was improved by other inventors.
• There are many new cameras now, and with help of them I can take very good photos
• Anastasiia Semianiv

Photography

• Photography is a way of capturing images using light.
• The first successful photograph was taken in 1826.
• It took eight hours for the photo to develop. In the 1850s, the tintype photo became popular in the United States. Photography was initially used by professionals, but soon it became available to everyone. People could now take their own photos and send the film to be developed. In the 20th century, film cameras became common, and photography became a popular hobby. Also, photos are taken for memory. Photos are saved by all people. Photography is now considered both an art form and a tool for documentation and communication. Today, smartphones with built-in cameras let people take and share photos instantly.
• I really like to save photos, because these are cool memories.
• Sofiia Shemrai

• The T-84 is a Ukrainian main battle tank created in the 1990s based on the T-80UD. The development of the tank was carried out by the KhKBM. the development of the engine was carried out by KhKBD, and the Malyshev plant was engaged in production
• In service until now
• Developer: Kharkiv Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering
• Developed: Around 1991-2001
• Weight 48 tons
• The width is 3.60 meters
• Height 2.22 meters
• Crew: commander, mechanic-driver, gunner
• Armor: combined, multilayer with dynamic protection
• Armament: 125-mm gun, KBA-3, machine gun
• Speed: 70-75
• If I am the commander, then I am responsible for combat training, upbringing, military discipline and the moral and psychological state of the personnel, for the state of weapons, military equipment and transport, for the material, household and medical support of part of the unit
• You need to start the tank, be able to control it, have assistants.

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• Alina Ivaniuk

Car

• I'd like to tell about car. The first car was invented in 1885 by the German inventor and engineer Karl Benz. It was built at the factory of Benz & Cie. This car was named Benz Patent-Motorwagen. As much as 130 years ago, the engineer Carl Benz received a patent for his invention. On January 30, 1886, he made his first public trip through the city of Mannheim. The car was a two-seater. It had tall wheels with spokes. Modern cars are very different from those of the past. At the moment you can see a lot of cars and their variety on the road. Now many families have their own car.
• I often go to the city by car with my parents.
• Vlad Vasylyshyn

Computer

• The first computer was made in the 20th century. It was very big and used a lot of electricity. One of the first computers was ENIAC, built in 1946 in the USA. Later, computers became smaller and better. In the 1970s, companies like Apple and IBM made personal computers. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak created the Apple I computer. In the 1980s, people started using laptops. The Internet made computers more useful. Today, many people have computers at home. Smartphones are like small computers. In the future, computers will be even smarter. Computers have changed the world.
• Serhiy Pryimak

Laptop

• The world's first laptop appeared in 1981. His name was Osborne. It was created by Adam Osborne. The laptop was very large and heavy. He weighed 11 kilograms. Osborne 1 had a small screen - 5 inches. Its battery was weak, so it could only work from the outlet. The Osborne 1 cost $1,795. The laptop was used by businessmen and journalists. He helped work on the road. Later, other models of laptops appeared.
• I play games on my laptop every day.
• Maksym Babura

Tablet

• A tablet computer is a class of computers that combines compactness and power, providing ease of use through a touch screen. It occupies an intermediate position between a smartphone and a laptop, offering more features than a phone, but lighter and more mobile than a full-fledged PC.
• Modern tablets have a wide range of programs. They are designed for both entertainment and professional and educational needs. Depending on the characteristics and performance, tablets can be budget models for simple tasks or high-performance devices for working with graphics, programming or video editing.
• The tablet computer is also characterized by autonomy. Thanks to the high-capacity batteries, many models can work without recharging all day, making them ideal for travel and mobile work.
• Another important advantage of tablets is support for styluses and keyboards. For creative people, it is an opportunity to draw or make handwritten notes, and for office workers, it is comfortable to type text and work with tables.
• I especially use my tablet for study, work and leisure. It is always nearby, allowing me to work, study and have fun effectively anywhere and anytime.
• Yelyzaveta Kuryliuk

Car

• The first modern car—a practical, marketable automobile for everyday use—and the first car in series production appeared in 1886, when Carl Benz developed a gasoline-powered automobile and made several identical copies.
• Using an improved version of a car, Benz’s wife Bertha and their two sons went on the first long-distance journey in automotive history on an August day in 1888. The route included a few detours and took them from Mannheim to Pforzheim, her place of birth. With this journey of 180 kilometers including the return trip Bertha Benz demonstrated the practicality of the motor vehicle to the entire world.
• Around the same time, the Patent-Motorwagen became the first commercially available automobile in history.
• In 1926, the company merged with Benz & Cie. (founded by Carl Benz in 1883) to form Daimler-Benz, known for its Mercedes-Benz automobile brand.
• Kostiantyn Levytskyi