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The Philippines by virtue of its geographic circumstances is highly prone to natural disasters, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tropical cyclones and floods, making it one of the most disaster prone countries in the world.

Priscella Mejillano, En.P

Resource Person

3.1.2 Expanded Problem-Solution Finding Matrix (EPSFM) Analysis

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The Expanded Problem-Solution-Finding Matrix (EPSFM)

CDP+ Process

Mainstreaming CCA-DRRM in CDP

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3.1.2 Expanded Problem-Solution Finding Matrix (EPSFM) Analysis

Workshop Objective:

To discuss the EPSFM as a tool for analyzing the situation and determining interventions to address gaps/issues.

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What is a Problem-Solution Finding Matrix (PSFM)?

A tool used to diagnose development issues or what is known as problem-finding phase and for determining appropriate policy interventions or what is called the solution-finding phase.

The problem-finding phase includes making meaningful observations from the available information, determining the causes or explanations of the observed conditions and exploring the positive and negative implications if no significant intervention is made.

The solution-finding phase entails identifying the appropriate policy interventions to curtail the negative implications and strengthen the positive ones.

CDP+ Guide. DILG. 2019

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Observed Conditions	Explanations (Causes)	Implications when unresolved	Policy Options (that it takes to close the gap)	Goals	Objectives	Policy Options
						PROGRAMS	PROJECTS	LEGISLATIVE AGENDA
WHAT DO THESE FIGURES MEAN?	WHY?	SO WHAT?		WHAT TO DO?
CDRA From the EP/LDIS VRG

Problem-Solution-Finding Matrix (PSFM)

Problem

SOLUTIONS

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Why is the PSFM Expanded?

To highlight the risks in its observed condition, the sensitivity and adaptive capacity that can affect the cause of the condition, the positive implications contributed by high adaptive capacity and negative implications due to vulnerability and risks.

To capture the issues and problems posed by climate and disaster risks and presents the policy interventions that both address current needs and anticipate future impacts of climate change and disasters.

To capture the Vision-Reality Gap analysis and cross-sectorally matched wit other issues and challenges.

To further detail the implications of the technical findings in identified decision areas and classify policy interventions into PPAs, legislative agenda and capacity development requirements.

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Observed Conditions	Explanations (Causes)	Implications when unresolved	Policy Options	Goals	Objectives	Policy Options
						PROGRAMS	PROJECTS	LEGISLATIVE AGENDA	CAPDEV
WHAT DO THESE FIGURES MEAN?	WHY?	SO WHAT?	Whatever it takes	What to Do	What to Do
From the EP Results of VRG Map Overly Analysis Results of CDRA Decision areas Technical findings	Why are elements exposed? Why is vulnerability high? Why are estimated risks high?	Given the technical findings, what are the core problems if CCA-DRRM issues are not addressed?

SOLUTIONS

Expanded Problem-Solution-Finding Matrix (EPSFM)

Problem

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Policy Option	Goals	Objectives	Policy Interventions
			PROGRAMS	PROJECTS	LEGISLATIVE AGENDA	CAPDEV
Whatever it takes	WHAT TO DO?

SOLUTIONS

Policy interventions should be able to reduce vulnerabilities and increase adaptive capacities of the LGU.

Sample policy options linked directly to DRR-CCA:

resettlement/ relocation
hazard mitigation infrastructure
ecosystem-based adaptation
IEC programs for increased level awareness on disaster and climate change
disaster preparedness
formulation of river-basin management plans (in coordination with other municipalities)
reforestation projects
comprehensive agricultural extension program (emphasis on climate change resiliency); capacity and capability building of LCEs, officials in relation to DRR-CCA

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EPSFM: Illustration 1

VRG

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EPSFM: Illustration

2- CDRA

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Expanded Problem Solution Finding Matrix (EPSFM): Illustration 3

TECHNICAL FINDINGS	Explanation of the gaps	Implications when not responded	Policy Options	GOALS	OBJECTIVES	Policy Options
TECHNICAL FINDINGS	Explanation of the gaps	Implications when not responded	Policy Options	GOALS	OBJECTIVES	PROGRAMS	PROJECTS	LA	CAPDEV
VRG: Only 30% of barangay personnel are trained with DRRM. Most households are not provided with training and administration of first-aid. None of barangays have approved BDRRMPs.	Only few organized teams of BRTs. Lack of funds to formulate the BDRRMPs Lack of funds to conduct capacity building trainings.	Increase occurrence of flooding; Increase number of households affected by flooding.
LDIS: Increased rate of malnutrition. Decreasing report and occurrence of criminality.

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EPSFM: Illustration 4

(with solutions)

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The EPSFM can be done through participatory processes such as sectoral workshops and focused group discussions (FGDs).

The technical staff may take off from the ‘technical findings’ as ‘observed conditions’; ‘implications’ detailed as positive or negative; and ‘policy interventions’ into ‘regulatory measures’, ‘programs’, ‘projects’, and ‘activities’ or ‘capacity development requirements’ and the information gathered from the Planning Indicator Systems and the VRG.

The EPSFM is a major reference for situational analysis towards structuring solutions.

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Climate and disaster information provide the general scenario from which the planning area is affected by climate change and disaster risk.

3.1.3 Cross-Sectoral Analysis

Having information on the sectoral risks and vulnerabilities will aid decision makers to come up with better interventions for each development sector/sub-sector that are likely to be affected by climate change and hazards.

This information should be utilized in analyzing each of the development sectoral concerns.

Social

Economic

Infra

Envi

INSTITUTIONAL

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3.1.3 Cross-Sectoral Analysis

C D R A

Climate Information

Population

CPF

LL

NatRes

Urban Ecosystem

CDP

Social and sub-sectors

Infra and sub-sectors

Environment and sub-sectors

Economic and sub-sectors

Platform for CROSS-SECTORAL Situational Analysis

Exposure

Sensitivity

Threat

Adaptive Capacity

Vulnerability

Risks

Maps

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3.1.3 Cross-Sectoral Analysis

The quantitative and qualitative data and mapping for the CCVA and CDRA can input to cross sectoral analysis.

URBAN AREAS

POPULATION

CRITICAL POINT FACILITIES

LIFELINE UTILITIES

NATURAL RESOURCES (Agricultural, Forestry, and Fishery Areas)

What are the exposure units (population, urban areas, natural resources, critical facilities, lifeline utilities) that are with high vulnerability or high risk?

Where are they located? What are contributing (indicators of sensitivity and adaptive capacity) to the level of vulnerability and risk?

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Impact Chain

Social

Sector

Health

sub-sector

Increase incidence of water-borne diseases

Contamination of water sources

40% Increase in Precipitation

(Habagat Season)

Heavy rainfall

Bio-physical effect

Economic

Primary Impacts

Sub-sector Sector

Sector

Agriculture

Crops submerged in water
Stored palay soaked

Secondary Impacts

Post Harvest Facilities flooded

Decrease in revenues of LGU

Low productivity/yield

Decrease in income of farmers

Decrease in revenues of LGU

Need additional funds for support to farmers and support to the health sector

3.1.3 Cross-Sectoral Analysis

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Social

Sector

Health

sub-sector

Increase incidence of water-borne diseases

Contamination of water sources

Economic

Primary Impacts

Sub-sector Sector

Sector

Agriculture

Crops submerged in water
Stored palay soaked

Secondary Impacts

Post Harvest Facilities flooded

Decrease in revenues of LGU

Low productivity/yield

Decrease in income of farmers

Decrease in revenues of LGU

Need additional funds for support to farmers and support to the health sector

POSSIBLE Exposure INDICATORS

Total # of barangays affected
Yield per hectare (in tons)
No. of PHFs per barangay

Additional fund needed to support agriculture & health programs

No. of water-borne diseases recorded in past XXX years
No. and type of water sources

3.1.3 Cross-Sectoral Analysis

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Pairing of Sectors

3.1.3 Cross-Sectoral Analysis

While issues are confined within the conceptual boundaries of the sector/sub-sector, other issues are common to two or more sectors.

These issues can be addressed jointly by the sectors concerned through inter-sectoral consultations, round-robin fashion.

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3.1.3 Cross-Sectoral Analysis: Sample Pairing of sectors

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Workshop 4: Exercise on Expanded Problem Solution Finding Matrix

Workshop Objectives:

To understand the process of analyzing the situation and determining interventions to address gaps/issues

2. To understand the value of generating core through cross sectoral analysis

Observed condition	Explanation of the gaps	Implications when not responded (negative)	Implications when responded (positive)	Policy Options (what it takes to close the gaps)
CDRA				CDRA
VRG
LDIS/RaPIDS

3. Refer to the outputs of workshop 3.