Matter – Physical Properties & Changes

Matter = anything that has mass and takes up space.

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Mass = amount of matter an object contains.

- measured in grams (g)

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Volume = amount of space an object takes up.

- typically measured in milliliters (mL or cm³)

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Phases of Matter

Increasing Energy

Solid

Definite Shape

Definite Volume

Liquid

NO Definite Shape

Definite Volume

Gas

NO Definite Shape

NO Definite Volume

1) Solid

2) Liquid

3) Gas

4) Plasma

Physical Property = characteristics of a substance that can be observed/measured without changing the identity of the substance.

Specific to a Particular Substance

Color

Odor

Size

Shape

Texture

Hardness

General, Regardless of Substance

Mass

Volume

Weight

Density

Physical Properties

Density = is a physical property and is mass per unit volume.

Formula:

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Common Units: g/mL, g/cm³, g/cc

Density of Water = 1.0 g/mL

Density = is how much stuff (matter which has mass) is in a given amount of space (volume).

Density = is a measure of the compactness of matter.

Ex: An object has a mass of 32.0 g and occupies a volume of 5.0 mL, what is its density?

32.0 g

Density

5.0 mL

= 6.4 g/mL

Ex: An object is found to have a density of 6.1 g/mL. If it has a mass of 115.0 g, what is its volume?

6.1 g

1 mL

115 g

= 19 mL

Ex: An object has a volume of 203.0 mL and has a density of 6.80 g/mL. What is the object’s mass?

1 mL

6.80 g

203.0 mL

= 1380 g

Physical Changes = a change which alters the material without changing its chemical composition.

Ex: Cutting, Crushing….

Boiling, Freezing, Vaporizing…

Phase Changes!!!

• Phase changes are physical changes and their specific temperatures are physical properties of a substance.

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Ex: boiling point, melting point, etc.

Phase Changes = change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition.

Temperature

Heat Energy

SOLID

LIQUID

GAS

Melting ---🡪

Vaporization ---🡪

🡨---- Condensation

🡨--- Freezing

Sublimation

Deposition