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Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

By: Ms. Sameera Iqbal

On: 30/08/2025

Applied College of Almajrdah, King Khalid University, KSA

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Contents

What is AI
History of AI.
Types of AI
Natural Vs Artificial Intelligence
Major areas of AI
Machine learning
Neural Networks
Deep learning
Applications of AI and ML
Benefits of AI and ML
Challenges and Ethical issues
Future of AI and ML

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Definition of AI..

Artificial Intelligence is a technique which enables systems to mimic the Human behavior.
Computers with the ability to mimic or duplicate the functions of the human brain.
Artificial Intelligence is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science which aims to create it.

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ARTIFICIAL/ MACHINE

ARTIFICIAL INTELIGENCE

INTELIGENCE

Intelligence: “The capacity to learn and solve problems”

Artificial Intelligence: Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human

intelligence by machines.

• The ability to solve problems

• The ability to act rationally

• The ability to act like humans

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Types of AI…?

Narrow AI → Specific tasks (e.g., spam filters, chess engines)
General AI → Human-like intelligence (still research stage)
Super AI → Beyond human intelligence (future possibility)

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Attributes	NI (Human)	AI (Machine)
The ability to use sensors (eyes, ears, touch, smell)	HIGH	LOW
The ability to be creative and imaginative	HIGH	LOW
The ability to learn from experience	HIGH	LOW
The ability to be adaptive	HIGH	LOW
The ability to afford the cost of acquiring intelligence	HIGH	LOW
The ability to use a variety of information source	HIGH	HIGH
The ability to acquire large amount of external information	HIGH	HIGH
The ability to make complex calculations	LOW	HIGH
The ability to transfer information	LOW	HIGH
The ability to make a series of calculations rapidly and accurately	LOW	HIGH

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Major areas of Artificial Intelligence

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Applications of artificial intelligence

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Sophia is a social humanoid robot developed by Hong Kong based company Hanson Robotics.

Sophia was activated on April 19,2015.

She made her first public appearance at South by Southwest Festival in mid-March 2016 in United States.

In October 2017 Sophia became a Saudi Arabian citizen, the first robot to receive citizenship in any country.

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Definition:�Machine Learning is a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that allows systems to learn from data and improve performance automatically without being explicitly programmed.�👉 In simple words, ML is about teaching computers to learn from experience (data), just like humans do.

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Key Idea:�Instead of writing rules, we feed the system with data + algorithms, and the system learns patterns and makes predictions/decisions.
Real-life Examples:

Netflix recommending movies 🍿
Gmail filtering spam emails 📧
Google Maps predicting traffic 🚦
Self-driving cars 🚗

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Types of Machine leaning…?

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1.Supervised Learning

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2.Unsupervised Learning

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3.Reinforcement Learning (RL)

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What is �Neural networks…?

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A Neural Network (NN) is a computational model inspired by the human brain.
It consists of layers of artificial neurons (nodes) that process data and learn patterns.
Just like our brain uses neurons to process information, an artificial neural network uses mathematical functions to recognize relationships in data.

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Deep Learning:

Uses artificial neural networks (inspired by human brain).
Works well with large datasets & complex problems.
Applications:

Self-driving cars (image recognition)
Voice assistants (speech recognition)
ChatGPT (natural language processing)

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Applications of AI & ML:

Healthcare → Diagnosis, drug discovery
Education → Personalized learning
Finance → Fraud detection, stock predictions
E-commerce → Product recommendations
Transportation → Self-driving cars

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Benefits of AI & ML

Automation of repetitive tasks
Faster & accurate decision-making
Personalization & improved user experience
Boosts efficiency & productivity

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Challenges & Ethical Issues

Bias in AI → Unfair decisions if data is biased
Data privacy → Personal info misuse
Job displacement → Automation replacing jobs
Transparency → “Black box” issue in deep learning

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Future of AI & ML

Generative AI (ChatGPT, DALL·E)
Human-AI collaboration in workplaces
Smarter healthcare, education, and robotics
AI governance & laws to ensure safe usage

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Thank you

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