THE LIVE/SYNTHETIC BALANCE: OPERATIONAL AND POLICY PERSPECTIVES

Pictures: BBC – Phil Coomes – Picture Editor

Andy Fawkes & Rory Cunningham

SMI Joint Forces Simulation and Training Conference – 4/5 February 2013

Live-Synthetic Balance

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Overview

Operational Perspective

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• Cost vs Capability
• COTS Technology
• What’s being done
• EDA
• Simulation For The Frontline
• HERRICK
• ELLAMY
• Tomorrow’s Conflict

Policy Perspective

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• Why Simulation
• Trends
• Beyond Simulation
• How to Respond
• Future of Training?

Summary

Policy Perspective

Andy Fawkes

SMI Joint Forces Simulation and Training Conference – 4/5 February 2013

The Live/Synthetic Balance: Operational and Policy Perspectives

UK Military Training and Education

• Scale - 257,160 Military/Civilian (2011)
• Depth – eg. Fighter Pilot, Reactor Operator
• Breadth – Apache Pilot through to Cook
• Flexibility – Changing Operations

Source DASA:- UK Defence Statistics 2011

Why Use Simulation?

Reduce Costs

Improve Training

Reduce Environmental Impact

Safety

Reduce Time to Train

Cost of Training

Estate

People

Platforms

Fuel

Weapons

Estate

People

Simulation

Fuel

Live

Simulation

How much?

• “Cost Simulation 20% of Live Training”

• “Cost Simulation 5% of Live Training”

• “Training 20% of Defence Budget”

• “Save £100m’s”

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The Mysteries of Simulation

DIS

SEDRIS

HLA

Architectures

Agent-based

ASP

Distributed M&S

CORBA

DoDAF

Serious Gaming

CBML

Human-in-the-loop

Monte Carlo

Latency

LVC

SOAP

AVCATT

CATT

MSHTF

DSALT

MCTS

I/ITSEC

ITEC

SISO

NMSG

DTEC

SCORM

DLP

VR

synthetic environment

RTI

Federate

SEBA

Emulation

Constructive

CGF

TENA

Accreditation

BOM

VV&A

AI

AR

FOM

DTED

Nothing New? Predominantly Mechanical Era

Images - Imperial War Museum

Images: Lockheed Martin

Predominantly Bespoke Electronic Era

Images: MoD, Royal Navy, Army, Bohemia

Predominantly Consumer-Driven Digital Era

The Defence Equipment Plan 2012

Trends

Access to Simulation

1990

2000

2010

Numbers

10’s

100’s

1000’s

The Live Synthetic Balance

• Language – What does the word “Synthetic” Convey?
• Culture - “Live will never be replaced”
• Assessing Training Cost Effectiveness is Difficult
• Technology is Changing and so do Operations
• How often do we change the Way we Manage?

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UK MoD - The Defence Equipment Plan 2012

“A priority for future investment when funds allow will be to expand our investment in simulated pilot training”

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31 January 2013

And it’s not just Simulation….. 20 Years Ago

Now - Training and Education

Knowledge in Your Hands

Recruit Expectations

Digital and Online Classrooms

South Korea 2015

Florida 2015

Stanford University

2012 - 23,000 Graduates

Time Spent in Training and Education?

• Influence of Technology?

“Classroom”

“Simulation”

“Live”

“Classroom”

“Simulation”

“Live”

Future?

Now

Barriers

Simulation

Office and

C2 Systems

Learning

Tech

Convergence?

Simulation

Office and

C2 Systems

Learning

Tech

Training and Education Operating Model?

Derived from MIT Sloan School of Management

Decreasing Procurement Costs? Less Innovation?

Co-ordination

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• Diverse Software, Shared Data & Network

Unification

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• Single Infrastructure and Services

Diversification

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• Diverse Software, no Data Sharing & Network

Replication

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• Similar Software, no Data Sharing & Network

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Organisation Standardisation

Organisation Integration

Improved Interoperability and Collective Training

How should Organisations Respond? – UK MoD

• The Defence Training and Education Capability (DTEC) programme takes an enterprise approach to training and simulation
• An Enterprise approach to training and education technologies (including simulation)
• Catalogue of software and services
• Defence Systems Approach to Training
• Understand the training requirement
• Evaluate

Source: www.gov.uk/the-defence-training-and-education-capability-programme - 9 Jan 13

Who/What is the Technology Benefitting?

• The Organisation
• eg. improved cost effectiveness
• The Trainee
• eg. 24/7 access to knowledge
• The Trainer
• eg. audio/visual aids
• All of the Above

Source DASA:- UK Defence Statistics 2011

The Future of Knowledge and Skills?

Larry Page - 2004

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"Search will be included in people's brains…. Eventually, you'll have the implant, where if you think about a fact, it will just tell you the answer.“

Images - Google

Sergey Brin – 2012

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“You'll ride in robot cars within 5 years”

Train Less.. Train at All?

Live and Simulation

More Simulation

Less Simulation

Organisational Inertia

Culture and Language

Long Procurement

Stovepipes

Risk

Evaluating Training

Resources

Improving Technology

Operations

Environment

Time and Flexibility

Safety

Issues are moving beyond Simulation

Operational Perspective

Rory Cunningham

SMI Joint Forces Simulation and Training Conference – 4/5 February 2013

The Live/Synthetic Balance: Operational and Policy Perspectives

Joint Forces Simulation and Training

What can be done for less money?

Does simulation have to be expensive?

Why can’t the simulators connect with others?

Why do I always need to re-train to use a different simulation package?

Why should we travel to the simulator?

Simulation Cost/Capability Spectrum

Expanding areas:

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Full Motion Simulators

Part Task Trainers

Mission Trainers

Training Media

Individual Crew Collective

£1m £5m £20m+

Commercial Off The Shelf Technology

• Evidence of COTS synthetic training today:
• EDA, Niteworks, NATO
• Joint, Multinational, distributed synthetic training
• Does it work?
• Cost effective
• Immersive
• Flexible
• 100% serviceability
• Previous concerns with COTS:
• Ability to model complex systems
• Classification
• Hardware

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Joint Forces Simulation and Training

• European Interim Support Helicopter Tactics Course
• 3wk course – 10 per year
• RAF Linton-On-Ouse

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- EDA’s ISHTC -

Courtesy of EDA

Joint Forces Simulation and Training

• Capability Concept Demonstrator
• Defence Simulation Centre
• A test bed for future Tactics Trainers; including targeted-fidelity, LVC blending, and distributed training

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- Niteworks Training Transformation CCD -

Courtesy of Niteworks

Simulation For The Frontline

How far forward should simulation be deployed?

Simulation For The Frontline

Live Vs Simulated

• The Gold standard
• Expensive
• Maximum Risk
• Availability of assets
• Final Output

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- Op HERRICK -

Increasingly competent

Increasingly Cost Effective

Minimal Risk

Distributed

Development/ Rehearsal

Live

Simulated

Simulation For The Frontline

• Joint/Combined
• Established procedures
• Minimal Risk
• Corporate knowledge
• Transitional nature

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- Op HERRICK -

Competency/Familiarity

Refinement/development

Rehearsals

Roulement (RiPs)

Training & Mentoring

Nature of Conflict

Role of Simulation

Simulation For The Frontline

• Joint/Combined
• Minimal preparation
• No corporate knowledge
• Area of Operations
• Vast/Unfamiliar
• Non-permissive
• Politically Sensitive

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- Op ELLAMY -

Nature of Conflict

Role of Simulation

Competency/Familiarity

In-theatre training

Development of plans

Familiarisations (database)

Force-on-Force preparation

Minimising risk (rehearsals)

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Tomorrow’s Conflict

• Joint/Combined
• Preparation
• Short notice
• Distributed planning/training
• Duration
• Shorter than HERRICK(!)
• ‘More-from-less’
• Area of Operations
• Unfamiliar
• (non/semi)permissive?
• Political complexities

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Nature of Conflict

Summary

Live-Simulation Balance - Summary

• Policy
• Simulation and wider technologies can help to meet the significant challenges of today and tomorrow
• Are organisations equipped to exploit technological trends as effectively as they did in the past?
• Understanding the value of training and education is critical to making better decisions
• Operational
• Trust and understanding in simulation is improving
• Emphasis on continuous demonstration followed by agile procurement to training services
• EDA is currently delivering: Cost effective, Joint, Multinational, Distributed, Synthetic Training using COTS

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Questions

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