ISLAMIC FINANCE
PLANS
ISLAMIC FINANCE / ISLOM MOLIYASI
Islamic finance is a financial system based on Islamic law (Sharia), which prohibits interest (riba) and promotes fairness, risk-sharing, and ethical investment.
Islom moliyasi — bu Islom qonunlariga (shariatga) asoslangan moliyaviy tizim bo‘lib, u foiz (ribo)ni taqiqlaydi va adolat, xavfni bo‘lishish hamda axloqiy investitsiyalarni targ‘ib qiladi.
DEFINITION AND ORIGIN / TA’RIF VA KELIB CHIQISHI
Islamic finance originated in early Islamic civilization when trade and contracts followed Sharia principles. Modern Islamic banking began in the 1960s in Egypt and expanded worldwide.
Islom moliyasi dastlab Islom sivilizatsiyasining ilk davrlarida savdo va shartnomalar shariat qoidalari asosida amalga oshirilgan davrda shakllangan. Zamonaviy Islom bankchiligi esa 1960-yillarda Misrda boshlangan va keyinchalik butun dunyoga yoyilgan.
MAIN PRINCIPLES OF ISLAMIC FINANCE / ISLOM MOLIYASINING ASOSIY TAMOYILLARI
1. Prohibition of interest (riba)
2. Avoidance of uncertainty (gharar)
3. Profit and loss sharing
4. Asset-backing and real economy focus
5. Ethical investment
1. Foiz (ribo) taqiqi
2. Noaniqlik (g‘arar)dan qochish
3. Foyda va zarar taqsimoti
4. Haqiqiy aktivlarga asoslanish
5. Axloqiy investitsiyalarni qo‘llab-quvvatlash.
PROHIBITION OF RIBA (INTEREST) / RIBO (FOIZ) TAQIQI
Riba, or interest, is forbidden because it leads to exploitation and unearned profit. Instead, Islamic finance encourages profit from trade and real economic activity.
Ribo, ya’ni foiz, Islomda taqiqlangan, chunki u adolatsizlik va mehnatsiz daromadga olib keladi. Islom moliyasi foydani savdo va haqiqiy iqtisodiy faoliyatdan olishni rag‘batlantiradi.
PROHIBITION OF GHARAR (UNCERTAINTY) / G‘ARAR (NOANIQLIK) TAQIQI
Transactions with excessive uncertainty, deception, or speculation are not allowed. Contracts must be clear and transparent.
Ortiqcha noaniqlik, aldov yoki taxminlarga asoslangan bitimlar man etiladi. Shartnomalar aniq va shaffof bo‘lishi kerak.
PROFIT AND LOSS SHARING / FOYDA VA ZARAR TAQSIMOTI
Islamic finance is based on risk-sharing. Both the investor and the entrepreneur share profits and losses according to their agreement.
Islom moliyasi xavfni bo‘lishish tamoyiliga asoslanadi. Investor va tadbirkor kelishilgan nisbatda foyda hamda zararni birgalikda taqsimlaydi.
ISLAMIC BANKING SYSTEM / ISLOM BANK TIZIMI
Islamic banks provide services such as deposits, financing, and investment without using interest. Instead, they use trade-based and partnership-based contracts.
Islom banklari omonatlar, moliyalashtirish va investitsiya xizmatlarini foizsiz asosda taqdim etadi. Buning o‘rniga savdo va hamkorlik asosidagi shartnomalardan foydalanadi.
MUDARABA (TRUST FINANCING) / MUDARABA (ISHONCH ASOSIDAGI MOLIYALASHTIRISH)
Mudaraba is a partnership where one party provides capital (rabb-ul-mal) and the other provides labor and expertise (mudarib). Profits are shared, but losses are borne by the investor.
Mudaraba — bu hamkorlik bo‘lib, unda bir tomon kapital (rabb-ul-mal), ikkinchi tomon esa mehnat va tajriba (mudarib) bilan ishtirok etadi. Foyda bo‘linadi, ammo zarar kapital egasiga yuklanadi.
MUSHARAKA (PARTNERSHIP) / MUSHARAKA (HAMKORLIK)
In Musharaka, all partners invest capital and share profits and losses proportionally. It promotes teamwork and shared responsibility.
Musharaka shartnomasida barcha hamkorlar kapital kiritadi va foyda hamda zararni ulushlariga qarab taqsimlaydi. Bu hamkorlik va mas’uliyatni mustahkamlaydi.
SUKUK (ISLAMIC BONDS) / SUKUK (ISLOMIY OBLIGATSIYALAR)
Sukuk are Sharia-compliant financial certificates that represent ownership in a tangible asset, project, or business, unlike conventional debt bonds.
Sukuk — bu shariatga muvofiq moliyaviy sertifikat bo‘lib, u qarz emas, balki haqiqiy aktiv, loyiha yoki biznesdagi egalik ulushini bildiradi.
ISLAMIC FINANCE IN UZBEKISTAN / O‘ZBEKISTONDA ISLOM MOLIYASI
Oʻzbekiston bank kredit tizimini yanada takomillashtirish va asosan foizli kreditlarni kamaytirish maqsadida Prezidentimiz Shavkat Mirziyoyev 2020-yil 29-dekabrdagi parlamentga murojaatnomasida „Islomiy Tijorat banklari“ yurtimizda oʻz faoliyatini boshlashini taʼkidlab oʻtgan edilar va shu munosabat bilan Oʻzbekistonda islomiy bank faoliyatini tashkil etish boʻyicha takliflar oʻrganildi. Islom Taraqqiyot Banki (IsDB), Xususiy Tarmoqni Rivojlantirish (ICD), Xalqaro islom savdo moliya korporatsiyasi (ITFC), Islom tadqiqotlar va treninglar instituti (IRTI) islom moliyasini rivojlantirishda hozirgi kunga qadar mamlakatimizga 2 milliard AQSH dollaridan ziyod mablagʻlarni yoʻnaltirgan
E’TIBORINGIZ UCHUN RAHMAT