��Basics Of Computers�

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A Desktop Machine

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A Computer System

• Hardware
• Software
• User

Hardware

Software

User

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A Computer System (Contd.)

• In general, a computer is a machine which accepts data, processes it and returns new information as output.

Data

Information

Processing

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Software

• Software is set of programs (which are step by step instructions) telling the computer how to process data.

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• Softwares can be divided into two groups:

- System SW

- Application SW

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Software (Contd.)

System Software

• It controls the overall operation of the system.

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• It is stored in the computer's memory and instructs the computer to load, store, and execute an application.

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• Examples: Operating System (OS), Translators

DOS, Windows, Unix etc.

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Software (Contd..)

Application Software

• They are Softwares written to perform specific tasks.

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• The basic types of application software are:

word processing, database, spreadsheet, desktop publishing, and communication.

Examples: MSOffice, Tally, MSOutlook.

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Advantages of Using Computers

• Speed: Computers can carry out instructions in less than a millionth of a second.

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• Accuracy : Computers can do the calculations without errors and very accurately.

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• Diligence : Computers are capable of performing any task given to them repetitively.

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• Storage Capacity : Computers can store large volume of data and information on magnetic media.

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Types of Computers

On the basis of Computing Power & Size:

• Laptop / Palmtop
• Micro Computer / Desktop
• Mini Computer / Mainframe
• Super Computer

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CPU ( Central Processing Unit)

• The central processing unit (CPU), also

known as just a "processor”, is the "brain"

of your computer.

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• It contains various electronic circuits.

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Keyboard

• The keyboard looks like a typewriter.

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• It contains all the letters of the alphabet, numbers and some special symbols.

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• It operates like a typewriter keypad, but instead of moving an arm, which strikes the paper, it sends an electronic impulse to the computer, which displays a character on the monitor.

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Mouse

• Its a device that is used to control the computer.

A cable connects the mouse to the computer.

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• When the mouse is moved on a pad, called a

mouse pad, the cursor on the screen moves.

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• A cursor is a small symbol displayed on the

computer screen (normally a diagonal arrow that

is used as a pointer) that shows you what the

mouse is referencing on the screen.

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Printer

• A printer is designed to output information from a computer onto a piece of paper.

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• There are three kinds of printers:

dot matrix, laser, and inkjet.

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Scanner

• A scanner is a device used to copy an image off paper and convert it into a digital image, which can be saved as a computer file and stored on a hard drive.

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• Scanners can also use a special kind of technology called Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to read text from paper and save it as an editable document file

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Inside The CPU Cabinet

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power supply

hard drive

motherboard

A Look Inside ..

CD-ROM drive

floppy drive

cards

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A Look Inside…

• Identify all the major components:
• Power Supply
• Motherboard
• Memory
• Card Slots
• Cards (sound, video, network)
• CPU, heatsink and fan
• Drives (floppy, hard and CD-ROM)

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A Look Inside….

RAM BANK

CPU, Fan, Heatsink

Card Slots (ISA & PCI)

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What these components do.

• Power Supply – (heart) supplies power to all the circuitry and devices.

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• Motherboard – (body) acts as a manager for everything on the computer – connects all the other components together.

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• CPU – Central Processing Unit – (brain) this does all the work of computing.

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What these components do..

• RAM – Random Access Memory – (short-term memory) holds data and program instructions that the computer is currently using.

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• Hard Drive – (long-term memory) holds all of the information that needs to be stored between uses of the computer.

• Floppy and CD-ROM drives – (mouth/ears) allow you to give data to the computer and take data away from the computer.

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What these components do…

• Card Slots – (fingers) Allows other components to be added to the computer.

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• Video card – (face) Does all of the processing necessary to get stuff looking nice on screen, quickly.

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• Sound card – (vocal cords) Allows sounds from HD or CD-ROM to be played.

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• Network Card – (telephone) allows computer to talk to other computers over a wire.

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Motherboard

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RAM

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Hard Drive

We won’t remove this.

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CD-ROM Drive

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Ribbon Cables

polarized

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Video Card

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Sound Card

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CPU

• The central processing unit or (CPU) is the "brain" of your computer. It contains the electronic circuits that cause the computer to follow instructions from memory.

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• The CPU contains three main parts, all housed

in a single package (Chip):

• Control Unit (CU)
• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
• Memory

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Major Peripherals

• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Hard Disk
• Floppy Disk
• CD ROM
• Printer
• Scanner
• Joystick

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What is Operating System

• OS is system software, which may be viewed as collection of software consisting of procedures for operating the computer.

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• It provides an environment for execution of programs (application software).

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• It’s an interface between user & computer.

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Computer Machine (Hardware)

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A Second Classification

This Classification is based on the type of interface Operating System provides for the user to work in.

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• Character User Interface (CUI)

The User has to type the commands on the command prompt to get the work completed.

Ex. DOS, UNIX.

• Graphical User Interface (GUI)

The User need not type any commands. He/She just point and clicks on the desired Icon to get the work done.

Ex. Windows (9X, XP, NT, 2000), Linux.

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Windows Operating System Hierarchy

• MS-DOS 1.x (1986)
• Windows 3.0 (1990)
• Windows NT (1993)
• Windows 95 (1995)
• Windows 98 (1998)
• Windows Millennium (2000)
• Windows 2000 Server Family (2000)
• Windows Xp (2001)
• Windows 2003 Server (2003)
• Windows Vista (2007)
• Windows 2008 Server (2008)
• Windows 7 (2009)
• Windows 8 (2012)
• Windows 8.1 (2013)

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Thank You

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