CLASS XI BIOLOGY
CHAPTER 1. THE LIVING WORLD
KUNHIKRISHNAN M V
PGT BIOLOGY
JNV KOZHIKODE
KERALA
WHAT IS LIVING ?
Characteristics of living organisms
WHAT IS LIVING ?
6. Response to stimuli
7. Heredity
8. Adaptation
9. Evolve
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
Living organisms are self replicating, evolving and self regulating interactive systems capable of responding to external stimuli.
ALIVE
Response
Metabolism
Heredity
Growth
Organisation
Reproduction
ADAPTATION
GROWTH
Internal / Intrinsic External/Extrinsic
Increase in mass Increase in Number
(Protoplasmic mass of cells) (Number of cells)
REPRODUCTION
Ability to produce new individual organisms of same kind.
Types – Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction
METABOLISM
Sum total of all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism.
BODY ORGANISATION
CONSCIOUSNESS
Ability to sense and respond to their environmental stimuli.
CONSCIOUSNESS IS THE ABILITY TO EXPERIENCE OR TO FEEL,WAKEFULLNESS OR SELF AWARENESS
Consciousness sleeps in minerals, dreams in plants, wakes up in animals and becomes self aware in humans. quote by Rumi
DIVERSITY IN LIVING WORLD
Diversity in the living world or biodiversity is the occurrence of variety of life forms differing in morphology, size, colour, anatomy, habitats and habits. There are some 1.7 – 1.8 million living organisms known to science. Out of which 1.25 are animals and about 0.5 millions are plants.
Biodiversity hot spots
AREAS OF RICH BIODIVERSITY
HIMALAYAN REGION
WESTERN GHATS
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
(IUCN / ICBN / ICZN)
SYSTEM OF PROVIDING DISTINCT AND APPROPRIATE NAMES TO ORGANISMS, EACH CONSISTING OF TWO WORDS
Eg. MANGO – Mangifera indica HUMANS – Homo sapiens PEA – Pisum sativum
RULES OF BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
CLASSIFICATION / TAXONOMY
Process by which anything is grouped into convenient categories based on observable characters.
Taxa – Categories
Classification involves hierarchy of steps in which each steps represents a rank / category.
TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES
TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES
Species – Group of organisms with fundamental similarities.
Genus – Group of related species having more characters in
common in comparison to species of other generation.
Family – Group of related genera with a smaller number of
similarities as compared to genus and species.
Order – Group of families which exhibits a few similar characters.
Class – Group of related orders.
Phylum – Group of related classes.
Kingdom – Highest category of classification.
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION
TAXONOMICAL AIDS
1.HERBARIUM
2.BOTANICAL GARDENS
3.MUSEUM
4.ZOOLOGICAL PARKS
5.KEY
6.FLORA
7.MANUALS
8.MONOGRAPHS
9.CATALOGUES
HERBARIUM
STOREHOUSE OF COLLECTED PLANT SPECIMENS THAT ARE DRIED ,PRESSED AND PRESERVED ON SHEETS
ROYAL BOTANICAL GARDEN 6.5 MILLION. CENTRAL NATIONAL HERBARIUM 2,0 MILLION
USES OF HERBARIUM
USED FOR IDENTIFICATION OF PLANTS
USEFUL TO LOCATE WILD VARITIES
TO KNOW MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS FOUND IN A SPECIES
USEFUL FOR RESEARCHIN PLANTS
BOTANICAL GARDEN
SPECIALLISED GARDENS THAT HAVECOLLECTIONS OF LIVING PLANTS FOR REFERENCE
ROYAL BOTANICAL GARDEN LONDON
INDIAN BOTANICAL GARDEN KOLKATA
-HAVE AESTHETIC APPEAL AND PROVIDE RECREATION FACILITY
-WIDE VARIETY OF GROWING PLANTS PROVIDE -READY MATERIAL FOR RESEARCH
-ROLE IN CONSERVATION OF ENDANGERED PLANT SPECIES AND GENETIC DIVERSITY
MUSEUM
PLACE FOR COLLECTION OF PRESERVED PLANTS AND ANIMAL SPECIMENS FOR STUDY AND REFERENCE
AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NY,NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY DELHI
ZOOLOGICAL PARKS
PLACES WHERE WILD ANIMALS ARE KEPT IN PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT THAT PROVIDE A NATURAL ENVIRONMENT TO THE ANIMALS
NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK DELHI ALIPORE ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN KOLKATA
TAXONOMIC AIDS
FLORA
Plants found in a specific area(Habitat)
MANUAL
In an area there are many plants. Manuals describe each and every plants there.
MONOGRAPH
Information on any one taxon
CATALOGUE
All the kind of species found in a particular area