Water Pumping System
Blood Pumping System
11B18
Body Fluids and Circulation
Blood
Components of blood
Blood groups
Coagulation of blood
Lymph
Human circulatory system
Cardiac cycle
Electrocardiograph
Double circulation
Disorders of circulatory system
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
11B18 Body Fluids and Circulation
Transport Systems
Supply of nutrients, oxygen and essential substances to the cells with the removal of waste
Lower invertebrates like sponges, coelenterates circulate water through their body cavities to facilitate exchange of substances
11B18.1
CV 1
Blood
Blood
Blood is a liquid connective tissue
11B18.2
CV 2
Components of Blood
Plasma
PLASMA
WATER
(90-92%)
PROTEINS
(6-8%)
Albumin, globulin, fibrinogen
Plasma
(yellow or straw colored part)
Bundle of straw
Plasma Proteins
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Albumins help in osmotic balance
Fibrinogens are needed for clotting or coagulation of blood
Globulins involved in defense mechanisms of the body
Serum
Serum = Plasma without the clotting factors
Formed Elements in Blood
White Blood Cells
Erthrocytes
Most abundant of all the cells in blood
Number = 5 millions to 5.5 millions RBCs per mm3 of blood
Production = red bone
marrow in the adults
Devoid of nucleus
Biconcave in shape
Contain Haemoglobin
12-16 gms
Red Bone Marrow
Born
Erthrocyte
Life Span 120 days
Destroyed
Spleen
Leucocytes
Colourless due to the lack of haemoglobin
Nucleated
6000-8000 per mm3 of blood
GRANULOCYTES
AGRANULOCYTES
NEUTROPHIL
EOSINOPHIL
BASOPHIL
MONOCYTE
LYMPHOCYTE
Neutrophils - Phagocytosis
Eosinophils – Allergic response
Basophils – Inflammation reactions
Monocyte - Phagocytosis
Lymphocytes – Immune response of body
Recall Test
Which among the following is a Agranulocyte?
(a) Neutrophils
(b) Basophil
(c) Eosinophil
(d) Lymphocyte
Answer : (d) Lymphocyte
Reason : Lymphocyte do not contain granules in their cytoplasm, hence called as agranulocytes
Life span of RBC is
(a) 20 days
(b) 60 days
(c) 120 days
(d) 500 days
Answer : (c) 120 days
Reason : Life span of RBC is 120 days
Platelets
Cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes
1,500,00-3,500,00 platelets per mm3 of blood
Blood coagulation or clotting of blood
Megakaryocyte
Platelet
11B18.3
CV 3
Blood groups
ABO Blood Grouping
Presence or absence of two surface antigens on the RBCs namely A and B
Plasma has two natural antibodies
(proteins produced in response to antigens)
Karl Landsteiner
Antigen
Antibody
ABO Blood Grouping
Rh Grouping
An Rh-ve person, if exposed to Rh+ve blood, will form specific antibodies against the Rh antigens
Blood Type | A | B | O | AB |
Rh positive | A+ | B+ | O+ | AB+ |
Rh negative | A- | B- | O- | AB- |
Erthroblastosis Foetalis
Rh+
Rh-
Rh+
Mixing during first pregnancy
Mother body is sensitised
Anti- Rh Ab in Maternal serum
Y Y Y
Cross placental barrier and reacts with fetal RBC in second pregnancy
11B18.4
CV 4
Coagulation of Blood
Blood Coagulation
Damaged tissue Platelets
Release certain factors
+
Thrombokinase
Prothrombin
Thrombin
Fibrinogen
Fibrin
Network/ Blood clot
11B18.5
CV 5
Lymph
Lymph (Tissue fluid)
Lymph (Tissue fluid)
Artery
Arteriole
Capillary
Interstitial Fluid
Tissue fluid
Venule
Veins
O2 or Nutrients
CO2 Metabolites
Lymphatic system
Lymph
Did you know?
Lymph is called middle man between blood and tissue
Circulatory pathways
Open circulation
Blood pumped by the heart passes through large vessels into open spaces or body cavities called sinuses
Arthropoda and Mollusca
Blood circulated through a closed network of blood vessels
Chordates and Annelida
Closed circulation
Circulatory pathways
11B18.6
CV 6
Human Circulatory System
Circulatory system
Heart
Blood vessels
Blood
Human Circulatory System
Also known as Blood Vascular System
Consists of –
Heart
Heart
Blood vessels
Blood
Heart
Mesodermally derived organ
Situated in thoracic cavity , between two lungs , tilted towards left
Size of a clenched fist.
Protected by a double walled membranous bag – pericardium
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Valves allows the flow of blood only in one direction and prevents backflow.
Tricuspid valve guards the opening between right atrium and right ventricle.
Bicuspid valve / Mitral valve guards the opening between left atrium and left ventricle.
Semilunar valve guards the opening of right ventricle into pulmonary artery and left ventricle into aorta.
Septum
Interatrial septum separates left and right atria.
Interventricular septum separates left and right ventricles.
Atrio-ventricular septum separates atrium and ventricle of the same side.
Atrio-ventricular septum
Nodal tissues
AV Bundle
Mass of tissue resent in lower left corner of left atrium
Patch of tissue present in the upper right corner of right atrium.
Minute fibres from AV bundle
Bundle of His
Nodal tissue generates action potential.
Autoexcitable
SAN generates maximum number of action potential i.e. 70-75 per min
SAN initiates and maintains rhythmic contraction of heart
SAN is called Pacemaker of the heart.
Normal heartbeat : 70-75 times/min
11B18.7
CV 7
Cardiac Cycle
Cardiac cycle
11B18.8
CV 8
Electrocardiograph
Electrocardiograph (ECG)
Electrocardiogram
ECG is the graphical representation of the electrical activity of the heart during a Cardiac cycle.
Three leads : one to each wrist and left ankle.
Multiple leads to chest region.
Standard ECG
Depolarisation of atria.
Depolarisation of ventricles.
Repolarisation of ventricles.
Both atria contracts
Ventricles contract
Ventricles return to normal state
Recall test
In one complete round of circulation,blood comes to heart
b) two times
c) three times
d) four times
Answer - (b)
During diastole left atrium and right atrium recieves blood from lungs and different body parts
so in complete circulation blood recieves by heart is two times
Concept test
Ready for the challenge
Impulse of heartbeat originate from
b) A.V Node
c) vagus nerve
d) cardiac nerve
Answer - (a)
S.A node situated in left corner of right atrium generates the impulse , it is also known as pacemaker of Heart
11B18.9
CV 9
Double Circulation
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH (ECG)
Double Circulation
Pulmonary circulation circulation between lungs and heart
Systemic circulation circulation between heart and body
Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation
Did you know?
Hepatic portal system collects blood from digestive system to liver and then to heart.
Coronary blood vessels transports blood to and from heart.
Regulation of cardiac activity
Autonomic nervous system(ANS) in medulla oblongata regulates cardiac activity
Autonomic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Increase heart rate
Increase cardiac output
Increase venticular circulation
Parasympathetic nerves
Sympathetic nerves
11B18.10
CV 10
Disorders of Circulatory System
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH (ECG)
High blood pressure ( hypertension)
Normal blood pressure = 120/80 mmHg
High blood pressure Higher than normal
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH (ECG)
Caused by-Deposition of calcium,,fibrous tissues ,fat
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Also known as Atherosclerosis
lumen of arteries become narrow
Also called ‘angina pectoris’
caused by - any damage to blood vessels
most common disease among middle age
Angina
no enough oxygen reach heart muscles
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH (ECG)
Also called Congestive heart failure
Not same as Heart attack or Cardiac arrest
Heart failure
Heart fail to supply blood to body parts
Recall test
Which type of blood vessels carry blood away from the heart ?
b) capillaries
c) Veins
d) Arteries,veins capillaries
Answer - (a)
Concept test
Ready for the challenge
Why does blood turn dark while circulate throughout the different body parts ?
b) it get old and dirty flowing through the body
c) the farther blood is from the heart ,more the dirty it will
d) the oxygen in it gets displaced by carbon dioxide
Answer - (d)
E,xchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place in tissue of the different body parts dark colour shows the state of blood carry deoxygenated blood
11B18 Body Fluids and Circulation
Reference Questions
NCERT : 4, 6, 7(a), (b),10, 14
Work Book : 7, 8, 10, 15, 17
Summary/Note Making
Summary/Note Making