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RNA in 3D�How does it work?

Rachael Kretsch – Stanford University

EteRNAcon 2022

rkretsch@stanford.edu

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RNA in 3D�How does it work?

Rachael Kretsch – Stanford University

EteRNAcon 2022

rkretsch@stanford.edu

What is RNA 3D structure?

How do we study RNA 3D structure?

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Discovery

Design

GUUUUUAAACGGGUUUGCGGUGUAAGUGCAGCCCGUCUUACACCGUGCGGCACAGGCAGUAGUACUGAUGUCGUAUACAGGGCUUUUG

GUUUUUAAACGGGUUUGCGGUGUAAGUGCAGCCCGUCUUACACCGUGCGGCACAGGCAGUAGUACUGAUGUCGUAUACAGGGCUUUUG

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Discovery & Design

+

GCUCAAAUACACAAGAAAGGCAUUUCAAACGGUCUUCCGUCCGGGGAGUAAAAUUUCUUUUUAACCUUGAUGAUCAGAUAUGUUAUGGGUAGUGUGACUGCGGCGGACCCUGGGUUCUCGUAUUUCCACAUUCUCGCGACCGCUGGGAGCGUGGGACAACGAUUGAGUGCUCAGCCGCAGUACCUCAUCGUAUCGAGCUAGGUGGGUUAAACGUUCGUCUGCAGUAGAGUGUCAAUGGUAAGGGACCUAACGGUUCCCCCGUUCACCACAGGAAACUGGAUGUGGUAACGUACACGGUAAAAACAGUAAUGGGAGGCAACUCGAUGAGGAGCUGUAUGCGAAAGCCAGACUUCAGAACUGUGGUUGAGAAAGCGACCUUCGCUCGGAGUGCUGCCGUGGUCUAUUUUCCAUUGAGACGUCUGUAAUGCAAUGAGGGUGAUAGCAUGUUGCACAGGUAGACUCCCCCUAAUACUCGCGUCCUAUGUCAUUGACGGUGAAAGUGUGCUUGUGAUCACAGCUGAGUUAUCACGCGUCUGUAGUU�GUUUUUAAACGGGUUUGCGGUGUAAGUGCAGCCCGUCUUACACCGUGCGGCACAGGCAGUAGUACUGAUGUCGUAUACAGGGCUUUUG�AUACACAAUUCCUGCCUACACAAGGGAUUAGGUUGAAGAUUAAGACUGCUUAAGUUUAUUAUUAUGACUCUCGUACAAAACUCGCAGUGGUUGGCUUGUGAGAACUGGAUCAUUAACAUUAAAGUCGGCCCAAUAGCAUGACCCCAAGUUAAGGGGACCCACUAUCAGGCCUACCUGUAGAUACAUGCACGCUACAUAAACACGCACUUAGAGAACACGAGUCAAAUCCAAAGUGCUGGCACCAUACGCUGCAAUAAAGGCAACCGACAGGCCUAAUCGCGCAGACAAGCGAAACAGAGCAGACGCCGGCUUUGGUACCGGCUAAACUCUCAAGUUUAAAGCUCCCUACCGCCAUGUGAUGUGCGCGUUACUUUCAUAAAACCCGCCCAGUCCACCCAUAAACCGCUGCCCUCGUGUAGUCCCCGGGCACUUCGGUAAACAGAAAUACCCCUGCGAACC

GUUUUUAAACGGGUUUGCGGUGUAAGUGCAGCCCGUCUUACACCGUGCGGCACAGGCAGUAGUACUGAUGUCGUAUACAGGGCUUUUG

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Key takes away

2D links and constrains 3D – knowing 2D can help!!

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Levels of RNA shape

2D stacks in 3D

Base stacking can orient stacks

Pseudoknots!

More than just base pairs and stacks

How we solve 3D shapes and where you can find them

The number of 3D RNA shapes is unknown!

RNA in 3D

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Levels of RNA shape

2D stacks in 3D

Base stacking can orient stacks

Pseudoknots!

More than just base pairs and stacks

How we solve 3D shapes and where you can find them

The number of 3D RNA shapes is unknown!

RNA in 3D

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Putting on our structural biologist lens

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Putting on our structural biologist lens

Red hat

Brown shoes

Blue eyes

Blue overalls

Black mustache

  1. List of building blocks

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Putting on our structural biologist lens

  1. List of building blocks
  2. How parts are connected

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Putting on our structural biologist lens

  1. List of building blocks
  2. How parts are connected
  3. 3D shape/structure

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Putting on our structural biologist lens

  1. List of building blocks
  2. How parts are connected
  3. 3D shape/structure

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Putting on our structural biologist lens

  1. List of building blocks
  2. How parts are connected
  3. 3D shape/structure
  4. Movement/interactions

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Putting on our structural biologist lens

  1. List of building blocks
  2. How parts are connected
  3. 3D shape/structure
  4. Movement/interactions

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The scene

= cell

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The scene

The cast

= cell

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Biology happens when “macromolecules” interact in a cell

The scene

= macromolecules

The cast

= cell

How does it work?

How can we stop it working?

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Recall our structural biology lens

  1. List of building blocks
  2. How parts are connected
  3. 3D shape/structure
  4. Movement/interactions

Red hat

Brown shoes

Blue eyes

Blue overall

Black mustache

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Recall our structural biology lens

  1. List of building blocks
  2. How parts are connected
  3. 3D shape/structure
  4. Movement/interactions

Red hat

Brown shoes

Blue eyes

Blue overall

Black mustache

GUUUUUAAACGGGUUUGCGGUGUAAGUGCAGCCCGUCUUACACCGUGCGGCACAGGCAGUAGUACUGAUGUCGUAUACAGGGCUUUUG

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Levels of RNA shape

2D stacks in 3D

Base stacking can orient stacks

Pseudoknots!

More than just base pairs and stacks

How we solve 3D shapes and where you can find them

The number of 3D RNA shapes is unknown!

RNA in 3D

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PDB: 1MT4

“Stem” or “Helix”

RNA 3D structure

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Levels of RNA shape

2D stacks in 3D

Base stacking can orient stacks

Pseudoknots!

More than just base pairs and stacks

How we solve 3D shapes and where you can find them

The number of 3D RNA shapes is unknown!

RNA in 3D

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2nbx

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Levels of RNA shape

2D stacks in 3D

Base stacking can orient stacks

Pseudoknots!

More than just base pairs and stacks

How we solve 3D shapes and where you can find them

The number of 3D RNA shapes is unknown!

RNA in 3D

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Levels of RNA shape

2D stacks in 3D

Base stacking can orient stacks

Pseudoknots!

More than just base pairs and stacks

How we solve 3D shapes and where you can find them

The number of 3D RNA shapes is unknown!

RNA in 3D

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Lot’s more RNA interactions that can constain 3D shape

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Don’t forget RNA is not alone!

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Levels of RNA shape

2D stacks in 3D

Base stacking can orient stacks

Pseudoknots!

More than just base pairs and stacks

How we solve 3D shapes and where you can find them

RNA in 3D

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Expiremental methods for 3D structures

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Looking at PDB entry

Multiple copies

Multiple models

Resolution

Validation

Change to relevant structure

Find PK

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The number of 3D RNA shapes is unknown!

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Science is a community effort

Chiu lab and S2C2:

Htet Khan

Yan (Amy) Liu

Greg Pintilie

Lily Xu

Xueting Zhou

Patrick Mitchell

Lydia-Marie Joubert

Chensong Zhang

Guan-chin Su

Gong-her Wu

Chih-ta Chien

Rahel Woldeyes

Yanyan Zhoa

Stefan Oliver

Corey Hecksel

Anton Jackson-Smith

David Chmielewski

Jesus Galaz-Montoya

Yee Ting Li

Patrick Pascual

Muyuan Chen

Peter Dahlberg

JoAnn Polizzi

Lisa Dunn

Michael Schmid

Wah Chiu

Das lab:

Ramya Rangan

Ved Topkar

Christian Cole

Grace Nye

Kailee Yoshimura

Philip Pham

Lisa Sharp

Rhiju Das

Kalli Kappel

Ivan (Vanya) Zheludev

Kaiming Zhang

Zhoaming Su

Andrew Watkins

Shashan Li

Wipapat Kladwang

Michael Palo

Hannah Wayment-Steele