Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX 2021), St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 14-18 June 2021.
Copyright ©2021 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.
GLEX-2021,9,1,11,x62310
Design Case Study of a National Space Station: Orbital, Logistical and Strategic Considerations
Yukta Sharma, Chesler Thomas*
GLEX-21.9.1.11.x62310- Design Case Study of a National Space Station: Orbital, Logistical and Strategic Consideration | Chesler Thomas*, Yukta Sharma
Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX 2021), St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 14-18 June 2021.
Copyright ©2021 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.
1st Unmanned Mission | 2nd Unmanned Flight |
Dec 2021 | 2022-23 |
GAGANYAAN THE ‘SKY CRAFT’
Height | 3 m (1st Crew Mission) |
Diameter | 3.5 m (1st Crew Mission) |
Take-Off Mass | 20 T |
Altitude | 400 km |
Launch Cadence for Development | 5-7 Years 1st Mission Unmanned - 2021 Crewed Mission - 3 Astronauts for 5-7 Days |
Launch Vehicle | GSLV MkIII |
Applications | Not Space Tourism Microgravity Experiments Large Scale Precision Transfer Human Studies |
Capacity | 3 Astronauts for 15-20 Days |
Completion Target | 2030 |
Project Budget | INR 800 Cr |
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (ISS)
GLEX-21.9.1.11.x62310- Design Case Study of a National Space Station: Orbital, Logistical and Strategic Consideration | Chesler Thomas*, Yukta Sharma
Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX 2021), St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 14-18 June 2021.
Copyright ©2021 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.
Russian Modules |
Pris |
Poisk |
Zveda |
Rassvet |
US Modules |
Zarya |
Leonardo |
Tranquility |
Unity |
Density |
BEAM |
Harmony |
Quest |
Cupola |
Eccentricity (ECC) | 0.0002738 |
Inclination (INC) | 51.6441 deg |
Perigee height | 418 km |
Apogee height | 421 km |
Right Ascension of Ascending Node (RAAN) | 218.2986 deg |
Argument of Perigee (AOP) | 300.0498 deg |
Mean Anomaly at epoch | 188.3969 deg |
Semi Major Axis (SMA) | 6738 km |
ESA Modules |
Columbus |
Japanese Modules |
JEM-ELM-PS |
JEM-PM |
Canadian Modules |
Canadarm2 |
Dextre |
GLEX-21.9.1.11.x62310- Design Case Study of a National Space Station: Orbital, Logistical and Strategic Consideration | Chesler Thomas*, Yukta Sharma
Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX 2021), St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 14-18 June 2021.
Copyright ©2021 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.
Why not join ISS?
Indian Space Programme is Relatively New
Delhi's Nuclear Policy
GLEX-21.9.1.11.x62310- Design Case Study of a National Space Station: Orbital, Logistical and Strategic Consideration | Chesler Thomas*, Yukta Sharma
Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX 2021), St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 14-18 June 2021.
Copyright ©2021 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.
ORBIT DESIGN
High / Medium Earth | 500 Km & Above | Sun synchronous Polar | Inclined Polar | LEO | Equatorial |
Slower Velocity | More Satellites | Power Reliability | Same as Sun Sync. | Cost Effective | Easy to Maintain & Insert |
More Comfortable | Risk of Collisions | More Heat | No Power & Heating | | Less Propellant |
Min. Drag | Space Debris | More Propellant | Better Global Coverage | | Less Distributed ground Track |
GLEX-21.9.1.11.x62310- Design Case Study of a National Space Station: Orbital, Logistical and Strategic Consideration | Chesler Thomas*, Yukta Sharma
Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX 2021), St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 14-18 June 2021.
Copyright ©2021 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.
ORBIT DESIGN
Inclination & RAAN
Optimized Ground Track b/w 30°N-30°S
Maximum Coverage
India + other Strategic countries
Start of Mission: 01 Jan 2024
Orbit type: Exact Repeat
→ Minimum perturbation
→ Less fuel consumption
GLEX-21.9.1.11.x62310- Design Case Study of a National Space Station: Orbital, Logistical and Strategic Consideration | Chesler Thomas*, Yukta Sharma
Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX 2021), St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 14-18 June 2021.
Copyright ©2021 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.
Bangladesh | Japan | Italy |
Bhutan | Malaysia | USA |
Brunei | Nepal | Brazil |
China | Pakistan | Singapore |
France | Russia | Kazakhstan |
Indonesia | Sri Lanka | New Zealand |
Israel | Tajikistan | Maldives |
Countries of Strategic Significance
Sensors
SAR | AIS | Thermal |
Hyperspectral | Visible | |
GLEX-21.9.1.11.x62310- Design Case Study of a National Space Station: Orbital, Logistical and Strategic Consideration | Chesler Thomas*, Yukta Sharma
Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX 2021), St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 14-18 June 2021.
Copyright ©2021 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.
Insertion Opportunities from NSS in 24 Hours
Well distributed eclipse events
Low exposure to solar radiation
GLEX-21.9.1.11.x62310- Design Case Study of a National Space Station: Orbital, Logistical and Strategic Consideration | Chesler Thomas*, Yukta Sharma
Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX 2021), St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 14-18 June 2021.
Copyright ©2021 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.
Orbit | |
Epoch Format | UTC Gregorian |
Epoch | 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00.000 |
Coordinate System | EarthMJ2000Eq |
State Type | Keplerian |
SMA | 6860.648939626995 km |
ECC | 0.0008382279999997383 |
INC | 29.99612123325388 deg |
RAAN | 194.208054329 deg |
AOP | 124.0445565490071 deg |
TA | 7.446026201992832 deg |
Altitude, Inclination Time- Plots for 3 Months
GLEX-21.9.1.11.x62310- Design Case Study of a National Space Station: Orbital, Logistical and Strategic Consideration | Chesler Thomas*, Yukta Sharma
Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX 2021), St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 14-18 June 2021.
Copyright ©2021 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.
FUEL SELECTED: TRADE STUDY
Liquid Hydrogen (LH2)
Liquid Oxygen & Liquefied Natural Gas (LOX-LNG)
UDMH → Extremely complex due to Toxicity,
Reactiveness and Corrosiveness
Kerosene (RP-1) → Complex to handle due to
Residue Cleaning Problems
REJECTED FUELS
Fuel | LNG | LH2 | UDMH | Kerosene |
Toxicity and Eco-friendliness and by-products | Nearly Zero Toxicity H2O and CO2 | Non Toxic H2O | Highly Toxic Carcinogenic Amines, Oxides, Acids & Salts | Harmful Oxides & Soot Formation (Ozone Depletion) COx, NOx |
MR | 3.5 | 6 | 2.1 | 2.7 |
Temp (K) | 112 | 20 | 273 | 298 |
Overall density | 828 | 395 | 1200 | 1031 |
Isp (vac) | 386.4 | 469.2 | 336 | 375.9 |
GLEX-21.9.1.11.x62310- Design Case Study of a National Space Station: Orbital, Logistical and Strategic Consideration | Chesler Thomas*, Yukta Sharma
Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX 2021), St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 14-18 June 2021.
Copyright ©2021 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.
GENERAL CHOICE OF MATERIALS
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)
Kevlar
Ti6Al4V
SS304
Both materials cheaper would reduce the overall cost
High overall structural performance of unit mass
Internal Frame → Composite + Steel
External Frame → Steel + Multi-layer Insulation
Passive Thermal Control
Area with SAR sensor is subjected to high heat
SPECIAL MATERIALS
Dissipating Heat Produced – Microvascular Thermal Control System
GLEX-21.9.1.11.x62310- Design Case Study of a National Space Station: Orbital, Logistical and Strategic Consideration | Chesler Thomas*, Yukta Sharma
Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX 2021), St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 14-18 June 2021.
Copyright ©2021 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.
Development Cost/Kg | 3,57,606.89 |
Total Development Cost | 96,37,35,448.01 |
Operational Expense / Person | 11,35,029.35 |
Total Operational Cost / Year | 283757.3385 |
5 Year Operational Cost | 1418786.693 |
Total Project Cost | 96,51,54,234.70 |
*All Values in USD
MONEY MATTERS
NUMERICAL MODEL
Upgrade to State-of-The-Art Electronice
Mass & Cost
Decrease
Processing Power Increase
(Moore's Law)
Annual expense of ISS - $ 2.9 Billion
Per Person
- $ 1,135,029.354
With a margin of 100 Cr, the estimates match the budget set by the Indian Government for the Space Station programme.
Half the composition replaced by CFRP, the mass decrements are immense
NSS Mass | 86238.64583 |
NSS Volume | 137500 |
NSS Design Capacity | 20 |
NSS Actual Capacity | 8 |
NSS Development Cost | INR 707.4 Cr |
Structural Materials | SS-304L, CFRP |
Structural Mass | 81666.66667 |
Subsystems Mass | 4571.979167 |
GLEX-21.9.1.11.x62310- Design Case Study of a National Space Station: Orbital, Logistical and Strategic Consideration | Chesler Thomas*, Yukta Sharma
Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX 2021), St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 14-18 June 2021.
Copyright ©2021 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.
Expansive BOOM
GLEX-21.9.1.11.x62310- Design Case Study of a National Space Station: Orbital, Logistical and Strategic Consideration | Chesler Thomas*, Yukta Sharma
Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX 2021), St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 14-18 June 2021.
Copyright ©2021 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.
Dr. S.Chandrashekhar's Space, War & Security – A Strategy for India
Space Situational Awareness (SSA) capability: Radar, Optical & Laser - monitor the space environment
Electro-Optical & SAR - Sun Synchronous Orbits (SSO) - Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance.
Satellites in LEO - Internet services - ELINT function
Satellite | Function/Sensor |
Radar Imaging Satellite 2 (RISAT-2) | Synthetic Aperture Radar |
CARTOSAT-2 | Panchromatic Camera |
CARTOSAT-2A/2B/2E | |
GSAT-6/7/7A | Communications |
GLEX-21.9.1.11.x62310- Design Case Study of a National Space Station: Orbital, Logistical and Strategic Consideration | Chesler Thomas*, Yukta Sharma
Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX 2021), St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 14-18 June 2021.
Copyright ©2021 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.
Length | 16.6 m |
Diameter | 4.2 m |
Take-Off Mass | 22.5 T |
Altitude | Perigee: 340 km Apogee: 450 km |
Launch Cadence for Development | 11 in Total 5 in 2021: Tianzhou-2 (May), Shenzhou-12: 3 Astronauts in Orbit for 3 Months (June) 6 in 2022: Wentian Module, Mengtian Module, 2 x Cargo Spacecrafts, 2 x Manned Spaceships |
Launch Descriptions | 1 x Core Module 2 x Module Launches 4 x Manned Missions 4 x Cargo Vessel Flights |
Launch Vehicle | Long March Series |
Architecture | T-Shape (Wentian-Tianhe-Mengtian) |
Capacity | 6 Astronauts Simultaneously |
Completion Target | 2022 |
Lifespan Target | 10 - 15 Years |
Tiangong Space Station
1
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Our Parents
Department of Mechanical Engineering, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam
Skyroot Aerospace Pvt. Ltd.
Indian government organizations
Space Generation Advisory Council
This work intends to catalyze the development by providing insights and results for select scopes of work.
Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX 2021), St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 14-18 June 2021.
Copyright ©2021 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.
GLEX-21.9.1.11.x62310- Design Case Study of a National Space Station: Orbital, Logistical and Strategic Consideration | Chesler Thomas*, Yukta Sharma
FOR QUERIES AND COLLABORATIONS, CONTACT
Chesler Thomas
Aerospace Engineering Graduate, UPES Dehradun
cheslerthomastk@gmail.com
Yukta Sharma
Department of Mechanical Engineering, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam
yuktasbcsharma@gmail.com
Scan the QR Code and let’s connect on Linkedin!
Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX 2021), St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 14-18 June 2021.
Copyright ©2021 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.
GLEX-21.9.1.11.x62310- Design Case Study of a National Space Station: Orbital, Logistical and Strategic Consideration | Chesler Thomas*, Yukta Sharma
RECOMMENDATIONS
To stay on track with Human Space Mission independent of ISS fate and lead the NewSpace Race, India needs to: