Making MBSE
More Rigorous and Agile with openCAESAR
Maged Elaasar, Ph.D.
Senior Computer Scientist
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Yuta Nakajima
Visiting Researcher at Jet Propulsion Laboratory
(Engineering Test Satellite-9 Project)�Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
Aug 23, 2024
Copyright 2024 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged
Disclaimer
Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement by the United States Government or the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology.
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Outline
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Jet Propulsion Laboratory
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Systems Engineering is an Information-Centric Domain
credit: Robert Karban, JPL
Systems Engineering Journey at
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Integrated Model
Centric Engineering
Model Based
Systems Engineering
Document Based
Systems Engineering
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Document Based Systems Engineering (Europa Clipper)
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Siemens CAPITAL Logic
logical
topological
wiring
Electrical Flight System Requirements
Systems Engineering
Subsystems Engineering
Concerns
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Model Based Systems Engineering (Europa Clipper)
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Requirements Models
System Models
Simulation Models
System Views
Concerns:
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MBSE Anecdotes at Europa Clipper
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[1] Elaasar, et. al: “The case for integrated model centric engineering”, Proc. of 10th Model Based Enterprise, NIST, MD, 2019.
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Integrated Model Centric Engineering (IMCE) Project
Mission: Developing Systems Engineering Methodology for JPL
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: Computer Aided Engineering for System ARchitecture
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2003
SysML
MBSE
Limited Adoption
2016
CAESAR
SysML Adapter
MBSE
Increasing Adoption
2018
2024
MBSE
Wider Adoption
CAESAR
Workbench
2014
2012
MBSE Exploration
2010
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2. Overview of openCAESAR
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openCAESAR Enables Digital Systems Engineering
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RAISE: Rigorous, Agile, and Intelligent Systems Engineering
Rigor
Agility
Intelligence
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openCAESAR Framework
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openCAESAR Project
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openCAESAR Use Cases
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UC1
UC2
UC3
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openCAESAR Addresses Modeling Pain Points
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openCAESAR Features (supporting RAISE)
Using precise semantic web ontologies
Using easily customizable viewpoints in modern IDEs
Using Git repositories with branches, versions, and releases
Based on concern and authority with Maven dependencies
Continuous integration of federated datasets with analyses
Scalable analysis of consistency, completeness and correctness
Using updated webviews framing different stakeholder concerns
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Ontological Modeling Language
A language for descriptive modeling with ontological semantics
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2
DL
OML Luxor (VS Code Extension)
OML Spec: http://www.opencaesar.io/oml
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openCAESAR Architecture
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Workbench
Adapter
CI CD
Artifacts
Analysis Pipeline
DL Reasoner
Reports
Data
Other
Tools
Author / Configure / Federate
Integrate / Analyze
Report
Knowledge
Base
OWL
CoPilot
CoPilot
CoPilot
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3. Overview of OML
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OML: Enables a Methodological Use of OWL
OML is defined as profile of OWL2-DL with several benefits
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OML Abstraction | OWL Abstraction |
Vocabulary, Vocabulary Bundle, Description, Description Bundle | Ontology |
Extends, Uses, Includes | Import |
Concept, Aspect, Relation Entity | Class |
Scalar | Datatype |
Scalar Property | Datatype Property |
Relation | Object Property |
Concept Instance, Relation Instance | Named Individual |
Anonymous Concept Instance, Anonymous Relation Instance | Anonymous Individual |
Rule | Rule |
translates into
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OML Abstract Syntax
Vocabulary
VocabularyBundle
Description
DescriptionBundle
Rule
Term
Instance
uses
uses
extends
extends
extends
extends
includes
includes
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
references
uses
*
*
*
Vocabularies
Descriptions
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OML Concrete Syntax
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vocabulary <http://imce.jpl.nasa.gov/foundation/mission#> as mission {
extends <http://imce.jpl.nasa.gov/foundation/base#> as base
extends <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> as rdfs
concept Component < base:Container [
restricts all relation base:contains to Component
restricts all relation base:isContainedBy to Component
]
relation entity Presents [
from Component to Interface
forward presents reverse isPresentedBy
inverse functional
asymmetric
irreflexive
]
}
description <http://opencaesar.io/kepler16b/components#> as components {
uses <http://imce.jpl.nasa.gov/foundation/base#> as base
uses <http://imce.jpl.nasa.gov/foundation/mission#> as mission
instance orbiter-spacecraft : mission:Component [
base:hasIdentifier "C.02"
base:hasCanonicalName "Orbiter Spacecraft"
base:contains orbiter-power-subsystem
]
instance orbiter-power-subsystem : mission:Component [
base:hasIdentifier "C.02.01"
base:hasCanonicalName "Orbiter Power Subsystem"
]
}
Vocabularies
Descriptions
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OML Workbenches
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Rosetta Workbench in Eclipse
(PRODUCTION)
Vision Workbench in VS Code (Web Based)
(NEXT GEN)
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OML Configuration Management
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Version Control Repository
Artifact Repository
publish
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OML Ontology Stack
Define an OML vocabulary stack for a modeling methodology and use it to describe a system
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Core Vocabularies
Upper Vocabularies
Vocabulary Bundle
Discipline Vocabularies
Methodology
Definition
Systems
Description
[xsd, rdf, rdfs, owl, dc, metrology, iso, etc.]
[imce, ufo, bfo, uml, sysml, capella, etc.]
[mechanical, electrical, scenarios, etc.]
[methodology bundle]
Descriptions
[system models]
Description Bundles
[system model bundles]
Vocabulary Bundle
[project’s extended methodology bundle]
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OML Stack Federation
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Mechanical Vocabularies
Methodology Vocabularies
Kepler16b
Foundation Vocabularies
Electrical
Vocabularies
imports
Kepler16b
Mechanical
Kepler16b
Architecture
Kepler16b
Electrical
v5.0.0
v7.2.0
v3.2.8
v4.2.1
v1.0.3
v2.2.0
v3.0.0
v2.0.0
4.+
7.+
5.+
5.+
3.+
+
1.+
2.2.0
3.0.+
Methodology
Definition
Systems
Description
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OML Analysis Pipeline
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Knowledge Base
SPARQL Query
Query Results
Analysis Notebooks
Published Reports
DL
Reasonor
Entailments
Ontologies
consistency report
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OML Tutorials
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4. openCAESAR Infusion at JPL
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openCAESAR Deployment at JPL
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CAESAR Workbench
(Authoring)
CAESAR Cloud
(Reporting)
CI/CD
(Analyses)
Repositories
(Version Control)
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SE Methodology Development at JPL
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Technologists
(implement SE methodology)
Collaborate
Subject Matter Experts
(specify SE methodology)
Project Stakeholders (analyze, review)
System Engineers
(author, link, reconcile)
Lead System Engineers
(configure, integrate, deliver)
App
MBSE Methodology Team
(IMCE)
Systems Engineering Teams
(NASA Missions)
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IMCE Foundation Vocabularies (Excerpt)
Defines foundational systems engineering patterns
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Mission
mission:Junction
mission:Interface
mission:Component
joins
presents
Base
base:Container
base:ContainedElement
contains
mission:Function
performs
Project
project:Organization
project:Authority
project:Product
isResponsibleFor
produces
project:Role
approves
Analysis
analysis:Requirement
analysis:Constraint
analysis:CharacterizedElement
requires
constrains
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Discipline Application Development at JPL
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Discipline Vocabulary
Authoring
using CAESSR Workbench
Analysis
Using CI/CD
Reporting
Using CAESAR Cloud
Consistency | Completeness | Correctness |
Continuous Delivery
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openCAESAR Based Discipline Applications at JPL
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Improved Harness Design at JPL with openCAESAR [4]
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IMCE CAESAR
Review
Reports
Siemens CAPITAL Logic
logical
topological
wiring
architecture
report views
architecture
vocabularies
Continuous
Automated
analyses
[4] Wagner, D., Kim, S., Jimemez, A., Elaasar, M., Rouquette, N., Jenkins, S. “CAESAR Model-Based Approach to Harness Design,” Proceedings of IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, MT, USA, March, 2020.
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5. openCAESAR outside JPL
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openCAESAR Community
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Some Members Exploring openCAESAR
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onto:Nexus Workshop
Int’l Workshop on Ontological Modeling and Analysis
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16 presentations
125 attendees
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6. Case Study
openCAESAR at JAXA
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[1] Nakajima, Yuta. "MBSE-Driven Exploratory System Architecture Analysis Framework for the Engineering Test Satellite-9 Project." AIAA AVIATION FORUM AND ASCEND 2024. 2024.�[2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rM2sJ5-mOrQ
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OML/openCAESAR Application to JAXA’s ETS-9 Project
OML + Automation Web Base Engineering Dashboard
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Precise Language
CI/CD Technologies (Automation)
>
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Systems Engineering Methodology using openCAESAR
Role of “Methodologists” is a key for effective MBSE deployment.
Modeling
Identify Business Questions
Reasoning�+�Analysis
Reporting
visualize data
to answer Business questions
First Rule of Modeling
�Build the model to complement the analysis you intend to use it for.
What is the intent for the analysis?
What is the current workflow of target users?
How we describe things using OML?
Prototyping and user testing of
- Vocabularies
- Descriptions
- Analysis queries
- User Interactions
Define Methodology and guides systems engineers
Deploy products
Sustain products
Evolve products
Role of Methodologists
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Information gathered by the project team is unstructured and decision-making based on data and analytics is limited.
Step.1: Identify Business Questions
Problem
Business Questions
Project Systems Engineers
Domain Experts�Manufactures
Local Server
Project Manager
Project Team
Project meeting
System Level Assembly and Integration phase
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Step.2: Modeling
Methodologist ≠ System Modeler. Design process, vocabularies, tools and environment for automation.
Language
Tools
Environment
Framework
Describe knowledge
Business questions
Define a semantic business vocabulary
Check consistency
OML Vocabulary
owlReason
OML Description
Write queries
Run queries
SPARQL code
to answer Business questions
Gradle Task / JSON
Modeling
Reasoning/Analysis
Reporting
Import Data
Transform Data
Visualize
Publish
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JPL IMCE Vocabulary
Systems Engineering Vocabularies
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Modeling System Decomposition Using IMCE Vocabularies
mission:Component + Extensions
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Step.3: Reasoning + Analysis
We use an openCAESAR as a framework for integrated digital engineering process
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Step.4: Reporting
The dashboard presents the most highly-digested information derived from CI analysis.
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User Interactions: Input data through spreadsheets instead of OML
Spreadsheet user interface works well for just updating properties like development status, scheduling information, mass, vendor information, etc… (Not good for creating new structure but easy to adopt)
User Input Data
Instance Name
Contains
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7. openCAESAR with UML/SysML
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1:00 - 1:10
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UML/SysML Adapter Used in Europa Clipper
Analyzing a UML model defined with an ontologically-defined DSL
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DSL
Vocabulary
uses
System Model
UML
Profile
2. Adapter
3. Adapter
System
Description
UML/SysML
Vocabulary
extends
uses
UML/SysML
Metamodel/Profile
extends
1. Adapter
Analysis Tools
applies profile
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Experiment for integration with OpenCAESAR and OpenMBEE
Adding strong semantic web capabilities to the SysML community
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Motivations
As a SysML user, we want to validate our model using ontological reasonings.
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In OML, the reasoner tells us the inconsistency.
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Power of OML with Semantic Web Technologies
OML Model ( Vocabularies + Descriptions)
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Logical Reasoner helps Systems Engineers to detect errors and to query the model
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OML bridges the gap between SE and Semantic Web technologies.
Ontology Modeling Language(OML) is a user-friendly way to describe information in OWL 2 DL, to improve the speed and quality of modeling and analysis.
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Prototype using OpenMBEE Execubot
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Setup:
OpenCAESAR
OpenMBEE
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Detect Ontology is inconsistent!
SysML model is transformed into oml and model is validated using ”owlReason”
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Experiment for Integration of OpenCAESAR and OpenMBEE Workflow Detail
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Data Exchange Architecture
Using OpenMBEE as a hub to integrate Cameo and OpenCAESAR
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Detail of prototype
1. OML -> SysML : Transform OML Vocabulary to SysML Profile in CSM
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Detail of prototype
2. SysML -> Json : Using MMS to extract SysML data as JSON ( transformed to df in R)
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Detail of prototype
3. SysML -> OML : Using R to transform SysML Json data into OML Descriptions
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8. openCAESAR Roadmap
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Rigorous, Agile, and Intelligent Systems Engineering Lab
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Representing SysML2 in
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KerML 2.0 Metamodel
SysML 2.0 Metamodel
System Model
SysML 2.0 Libraries
Vocabulary
Description
KerML 2.0 Vocabulary
SysML 2.0 Vocabulary
System Description
SysML 2.0 Libraries
full
full
partial
Work in progress
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Developing CoPilots with LLMs
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Workbench
Vocabularies
DL Reasoner
Reports
Graph DB
OWL
Ontologies
CoPilot
CoPilot
CoPilot
govern
R&TD Proposal
R&TD Proposal
SEAL CoPilot
Work in progress
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Integrating with FRET Tool
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Work in progress
ontologies
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Summary
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Learning from OpenCAESAR
MBSE, Digital Engineering, Ontology, Architecting, VnV, State Analysis, Formal Requirement… Essentially, the main purpose is to leverage computers to improve human collaboration.
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IMCE Vocabularies helps Abstraction Thinking
Ontology for Systems Engineering
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Thanks
Any questions?
Yuta Nakajima
Maged Elaasar
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