CHAPTER 9: Prototyping

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SKMJ 1902

ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES

AND PRACTICE

UTM JOHOR BAHRU

Embodiment Design

Embody : To give something a tangible expression

Product Drawings

1. Preferred form of data communications in the world of engineering.
2. Communicate ideas between designers, and between designers-manufacturers.
3. Simulate the operation of the product.
4. Used to check for the completeness of the product.

Product Drawings

• Generated during the conceptualization stage of the design process.
• Present the completeness of the product.
• Support the development of major components and their relations.
• Made to scale only important

dimensions. Tolerances are

shown only if they are critical.

• Needed in the analysis:

It presents the relation of individual component to its surroundings.

Sketches (layout drawing) – Conceptual Design

Product Drawings

Assembly drawings – Embodiment Design

• Shows how components fit together.
• Each component is identified with a number referenced to a list of all components.
• When necessary, detailed views are included to explain information that is not clear in other views.

Product Drawings

• Carried out when all the dimensions have been calculated in the detailed design phase.

Detail drawings – Detailed Design

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• All dimensions must include tolerances.
• Materials and manufacturing detail must be clear and presented in specific language.
• Made using a computer-aided design (CAD) system.

Transforming paper drawings into hardware

• Constructed from plastics, wood, cardboard, and so forth, to give designers the feel of his/her design.

Mock-up – proof of concept prototype

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• Used to check the clearance, assembly techniques, manufacturing considerations, and appearance.
• Least expensive and easy to produce.
• Can be used as a tool in selling the idea.

Transforming paper drawings into hardware

• Relates the physical behavior of the system through mathematical similitude.

Model – proof of product prototype

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• Three types of models:
• True - exact geometric reproduction of the real system,

built to scale, and satisfying all restrictions imposed

by the design parameters.

• Adequate – to test specific characteristics of the design; not intended to yield information concerning total design.
• Distorted – one or more design conditions are purposely violated; often required when it is difficult or impossible to satisfy the specific conditions due to time, material, or physical characteristics, and it is felt that reliable information can be obtained through the distortation.

Transforming paper drawings into hardware

• Most expensive technique and produces the greatest amount of useful information.
• Full-scale and working physical system.

Prototype

Transforming paper drawings�into hardware

• 3D feature-based modeling by CAD/CAE software.
• Solid modeling – enable the use of geometry to visualize products quickly and to detect problems.
• Able to create detailed solid components, building assemblies etc., and produce fully documented production drawings and photorealistic renderings

Virtual Prototyping

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In the Name of God for Mankind