NUTRITION IN
HUMAN BEINGS
PREPARED BY : REKHA CHOUDHARY
T.G.T (SCIENCE) K.V. VIKASPURI
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
RECAPITULATION
NUTRITION IS A COMPLEX PROCESS INVOLVING –
The process of taking food into the body is called Ingestion
THE BREAKDOWN OF COMPLEX COMPONENTS OF FOOD INTO SIMPLER SUBSTANCES IS
CALLED
DIGESTION.
ABSORPTION IS THE PROCESS BY
WHICH THE PRODUCTS OF DIGESTION ARE
ABSORBED BY THE BLOOD TO BE SUPPLIED TO ALL PARTS OF THE BODY.
ASSIMILATION IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH ABSORBED FOOD MATERIALS ARE CARRIED BY THE BLOOD TO DIIFERENT PARTS OF THE BODY AND USED BY THE BODY.
EGESTION IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH UNDIGESTED AND UNABSORBED FOOD IS DISCHARGED FROM THE BODY.
Page 3
NUTRITION
IN
HUMANS
INGESTION
FOOD IS TAKEN INTO THE BODY THROUGH MOUTH.
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE FOOD INSIDE THE BODY?
Food inside our body passes through a canal known as Alimentary Canal.
DIGESTIVE TRACT
-Buccal cavity
-Oesophagus
-Stomach
-Small Intestine
-Large Intestine
-Rectum
-Anus
-SALIVARY GLANDS
-LIVER
-PANCREAS
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Digestive Tract with Associated Glands
TASK
1.BUCCAL CAVITY
2.OESOPHAGUS(FOOD PIPE)
3.STOMACH
4. PANCREAS
5. SMALL INTESTINE
6. LARGE INTESTINE
7. LIVER
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
TASK
IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING PARTS OF HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
DIGESTION
-MECHANICAL
-CHEMICAL
DIGESTION
MECHANICAL DIGESTION BREAKS FOOD INTO SMALLER PIECES.
IT TAKES PLACE IN MOUTH WITH THE HELP OF TEETH.
EACH TOOTH IS ROOTED IN A SEPARATE SOCKET IN THE GUMS.
OUR TEETH VARY IN APPEARANCE AND PERFORM DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS.
HAVE YOU HEARD THE NAMES OF MILK TEETH AND PERMANENT TEETH?
DIGESTION
OUR MOUTH HAS SALIVARY GLANDS WHICH SECRETE SALIVA.
SALIVA CONTAINS SALIVARY AMYLASE ENZYME BREAKS DOWN THE STARCH INTO SUGARS.
TONGUE
FLESHY MUSCULAR ORGAN IN BUCCAL CAVITY.
WE USE OUR TONGUE FOR TALKING.
TONGUE MIXES SALIVA WITH THE FOOD.
TONGUE HELPS IN SWALLOWING OF FOOD .
WE TASTE FOOD WITH OUR TONGUE.
WHEN THE FOOD BECOMES SOFT MASS, TONGUE PUSHES IT TO THE FOOD PIPE
(OESOPHAGUS)
WHEN YOU EAT IN A HURRY, TALK OR LAUGH WHILE EATING, YOU MAY COUGH, GET HICCUPS OR A CHOKING SENSATION.
THIS HAPPENS WHEN FOOD PARTICLES ENTER THE WINDPIPE .
INSIDE THE THROAT, AIR AND FOOD SHARES A COMMON PASSAGE.
HOW IS FOOD PREVENTED FROM ENTERING THE FOODPIPE?
DURING THE ACT OF SWALLOWING, A FLAP LIKE VALVE KNOWN AS EPIGLOTTIS CLOSES THE PASSAGE OF WIND PIPE AND GUIDES THE FOOD INTO THE OESOPAGUS( FOOD PIPE ).
THE OESOPHAGUS IS A LONG TUBE THAT RUNS FROM THE NECK TO CHEST.
FROM OESOPHAGUS, FOOD ENTERS INTO THE STOMACH.
DIGESTION
STOMACH IS THE WIDEST PART OF ALIMENTARY CANAL.
DIGESTION
FOOD IS CHURNED AND MIXED
WITH DIGESTIVE
JUICES SECRETED BY
GASTRIC GLANDS
WHICH INCLUDES
PEPSIN ENZYME,
HYDROCHLORIC
ACID AND
MUCOUS.
DIGESTIVE
JUICE
DIGESTION
MUCOUS PROTECTS THE LINING OF STOMACH.
ACID KILLS MANY BACTERIA AND ACTIVATES PEPSIN ENZYME.
PEPSIN ENZYME BREAK DOWN THE PROTEINS INTO SIMPLER SUBSTANCES.
IN STOMACH, FOOD CHANGES TO CHYME AND THEN MOVES TO THE SMALL INTESTINE.
SMALL INTESTINE IS LONGEST PART OF OUR DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
7.5 metres
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Its wall also secretes digestive juices, and receives secretions from Liver and Pancreas.
DIGESTION
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Liver is the largest gland in the body.
Liver secretes bile juice.
Bile juice is stored in a sac like structure called Gall Bladder.
Bile juice helps in the emulsification of fats.
DIGESTION
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Pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which contains lipase and trypsin enzyme.
Trypsin helps in digestion of proteins and lipase helps in digestion of emulsified fats.
DIGESTION
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THE INTESTINAL JUICE COMPLETES THE DIGESTION OF ALL COMPONENTS OF FOOD.
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DIGESTION
CARBOHYDRATES
GLUCOSE
FATS
FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL
PROTEINS
AMINO ACIDS
ABSORPTION
There are tiny finger like projections called Villi present on the surface of small intestine.
ABSORPTION OF DIGESTED FOOD MATERIAL TAKES PLACE IN SMALL INTESTINE.
IT INCREASES THE SURFACE AREA FOR THE ABSORPTION OF DIGESTED FOOD.
THE SURFACE OF VILLI ABSORBS THE DIGESTED FOOD MATERIALS.
ASSIMILATION
THE ABSORBED SUBSTANCES ARE TRANSPORTED TO DIFFERENT ORGANS OF THE BODY VIA BLOOD.
Absorption of water and some salts out of undigested food takes place in Large Intestine.
This is important because recovering of water keep us safe from getting dehydrated.
EGESTION
SOLID WASTES MOVE TO THE LAST PART OF LARGE INTESTINE CALLED THE RECTUM
THE FAECAL MATTER IS REMOVED THROUGH THE ANUS.
THIS PROCESS IS CALLED EGESTION.
PREPARED BY – REKHA CHOUDHARY
T.G.T SCIENCE
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA
VIKASPURI
THANKYOU