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States of Matter
Science | States of Matter | Melting Chocolate Investigation | Lesson 3
Success Criteria
Aim
You will spot questions in a green box at certain points in this Lesson Presentation.
Key Questions
The assessment questions that appear will enable you to check your understanding against the lesson aim and success criteria.
Fill in the blank boxes on this diagram and then explain the processes to a partner.
Remember It
freezing
melting
heating
cooling
particle
particle
melt
solid
temperature
freeze
thermometer
states of matter
gas
liquid
Key Vocabulary
material
properties
melt
When a material melts, it changes from a solid into a liquid.
freeze
When a material freezes, it changes from a liquid into a solid.
temperature
Temperature is a measurement of how hot or cold something or somewhere is.
solid
Solids are materials that keep their shape unless a force is applied to them. They can be hard, soft or even squashy. Solids take up the same amount of space no matter what has happened to them.
liquid
Liquids take the shape of their container. They can change shape but do not change the amount of space they take up. They can flow or be poured.
gas
Gases can spread out to completely fill the container or room they are in. They do not have any fixed shape but they do have a mass.
states of matter
Materials can exist in any of three states: solids, liquids or gases. Some materials can change from one state to another and back again.
thermometer
A thermometer is a piece of scientific equipment used for measuring temperature. It measures in °C or °F.
particle
A particle is a small piece of matter that cannot be seen with the naked eye.
melt
freeze
temperature
solid
thermometer
liquid
gas
states of matter
Tier 1
everyday words
Tier 2
words that are important in different science topics
Tier 3
words that are specific to this science topic
melt, freeze, temperature, material
solid, liquid, gas, states of matter, properties, thermometer
particle
Key Vocabulary
Melting Points
In the last lesson, we explored how temperature can affect the rate at which ice melted.
Other solids can also change state from a solid to a liquid. However, different solids melt at different temperatures depending on the material.
The temperature at which a solid melts into a liquid is called the melting point.
Melting Points
Here are the approximate melting points of some materials:
Can you understand the term 'melting point'?
Discover more about melting points in our eBook.
46–68°C
paraffin wax:
0°C
ice:
32°C
butter:
Enquiry Question
Today, you are going to be testing factors that may affect the melting rate of chocolate.
This will be a comparative test.
Your enquiry question will be:
How does the type of chocolate affect the rate of melting?
Equipment
Here are the different pieces of equipment that you will need to carry out your investigation. Explain to a partner what you will use each item for.
scales
different types of chocolate
sealable bag
thermometer
stopwatch
bowl of warm water
Remember
When carrying out a comparative test, it is important to consider the factors that could affect the results. You will want to change only one of these and keep all of the others the same.
Here are some of the factors that may affect the results in your investigation.
water temperature
room temperature
type of container
type of chocolate
mass of chocolate
size of chocolate pieces
brand of chocolate
size of container
material container �is made of
Which factor will we change based on our enquiry question?
type of chocolate
Method
A method is a set of detailed instructions of how to carry out a particular investigation.
Investigation
In your groups, carry out your investigation, recording your results using the How Does the Type of Chocolate Affect the Rate of Melting? Activity Sheet.
Paperless
Can you carry out a comparative test?
Types of Chocolate | Time Taken to Melt (minutes and seconds) |
white chocolate | |
milk chocolate | |
dark chocolate | |
Follow the method to carry out the investigation, recording the results in the table. Analyse your results to write a conclusion for your investigation.
Conclusion
Can you use the results from your comparative test to reach a conclusion?
Conclusion
Look at the results from your investigation and write a conclusion to show what you have found out. Use the conclusion section of the How Does the Type of Chocolate Affect the Rate of Melting? Activity Sheet.
Level Up: What further enquiry questions could �we investigate next?
Paperless
Types of Chocolate | Time Taken to Melt (minutes and seconds) |
white chocolate | |
milk chocolate | |
dark chocolate | |
Follow the method to carry out the investigation, recording the results in the table. Analyse your results to write a conclusion for your investigation.
Conclusion
Once they have reached a conclusion, scientists will often have further enquiry questions that they may wish to investigate.
This will often be based on other factors that could affect the results of the investigation. Here is an example from Cally:
Level Up
I wonder how the size of the chocolate pieces will affect the rate of melting.
Generate your own further question and then make a prediction of the outcome.
Whose Prediction Was Correct?
Based on the results from your investigation, whose prediction was the closest to being correct?
I think that the white chocolate will melt the fastest.
Olivia
I think that all three types of chocolate will melt at the same rate.
Fizzer
I think that the milk chocolate will melt the fastest.
Jack
Food scientists have incredibly important roles in improving recipes for existing food and drink products, improving methods of production and also testing different combinations of ingredients to create different textures and flavours.
STEM/Green Careers
Food Scientists
Success Criteria
Aim