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TORNE-SE UM

Redesenho para a Circularidade

Aula Intermediária de Nível 5

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Os alunos aplicarão estratégias circulares para resolver um problema linear de um negócio diário. Eles trabalharão através de um exercício de design thinking para identificar oportunidades circulares, refletindo sobre as necessidades funcionais e emocionais do cliente.

Preparação da Aula e Alinhamento Curricular

Tempo de preparação: 10 – 15 minutos

1

Exiba os slides da aula e crie uma discussão sobre o que eles já sabem sobre modelos de negócios circulares e introduza o design thinking para identificar soluções para os problemas do cliente. Faça aos alunos as perguntas orientadoras das anotações do slide do PowerPoint.

2

Imprima as 5 apostilas: 1. Redesenho para Circularidade; 2. Design Thinking; 3. Áreas de Circularidade; 4. Mapa Circular do Ciclo de Vida; e 5. Solução circular.

Siga as etapas no próximo slide e nas anotações do professor nos slides 20 a 24 para conduzir a atividade da classe.

3

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Principais Resultados de Aprendizagem e Alinhamento Curricular:

Ciência - Terra e Atividade Humana: Comunicar soluções que reduzam o impacto dos seres humanos na terra, água, ar e / ou outros seres vivos no ambiente local. As coisas que as pessoas fazem podem afetar o mundo ao seu redor. Mas elas podem fazer escolhas que reduzam seus impactos na terra, água, ar e outros seres vivos.
Artes da Língua Inglesa e Alfabetização: Participe de conversas colaborativas com diversos parceiros sobre tópicos e textos. Siga regras acordadas para as discussões. Use palavras e frases adquiridas através de conversas, lendo e sendo lido e respondendo a textos.
Estudos Sociais - Pessoas, Lugares e Ambientes: O estudo de pessoas, lugares e ambientes nos permite compreender o relação entre as populações humanas e o mundo físico.

Alinhamento dos ODS

Preparação da Aula e Alinhamento Curricular

Tempo de preparação: 10 – 15 minutos

Os planos de aula são projetados para serem flexíveis e responsivos às necessidades em evolução da sua sala de aula. As aulas são editáveis e personalizáveis para atender aos diferentes contextos individuais dos alunos e da sala de aula. Uma versão do PowerPoint com instruções do professor e uma lição em PDF imprimível estão disponíveis para download.

Aula flexível e adaptativa

CIDADES E COMUNIDADES SUSTENTÁVEIS

CONSUMO E PRODUÇÃO RESPONSÁVEIS

TRABALHO DECENTE E CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO

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A Aula

Duração da aula: 25 - 30 minutos

Divida em grupos de 3 a 5 e prepare um cartaz com notas adesivas ou use o folheto de design thinking.

Selecione um dos seguintes negócios lineares

Fabricante de máquinas de lavar
Moda Têxteis
Fabricante de Iluminação
Serviço de Entrega de Alimentos
Mercearia
Espaço de Escritório

1

2

Use o folheto de design thinking para desenvolver a sua solução circular para o negócio.

3

Aplique um ou mais modelos de design circular ao seu negócio. Quando terminar, incentive os alunos a compartilharem suas inovações circulares com a classe.

4

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5

Preparar a Apresentação do PowerPoint

Quando estiver pronto para apresentar as lições à sua turma, clique em Apresentação de Slides na barra de menus superior e selecione Modo de Exibição do Apresentador. No modo de exibição do Apresentador, você pode ver suas anotações enquanto o público vê apenas seus slides.

As anotações aparecem em um painel à direita. O texto deve ser quebrado automaticamente e uma barra de rolagem vertical será exibida, se necessário. Você também pode alterar o tamanho do texto no painel Anotações usando os dois botões no canto inferior esquerdo do mesmo.

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Economia Linear

Circular Economy

VS

PEGAR

FAZER

DESCARTE

RECICLAR

USO

FAZER

(Slide duration: 5min)

Tell students:

How we approach our systems of production and consumption is important to understand when discussing how to fight climate change and to become a more sustainable world. The planet’s resources are finite, so it is crucial that people, governments and companies work together to use them more responsibly.

A linear economy is our traditional model that follows the “take-make-dispose” model where raw materials are collected, then manufactured and transformed into products we use until they are finally discarded as waste either in a landfill or into our natural environment. This model gives no concern for their ecological footprint and its consequences. It prioritizes profit over sustainability, with products made to be thrown away once they have been used.

A circular economy (also referred to as circularity and CE) is a model of production and consumption which involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials and products for as long as possible. It is a model designed to have as little impact as possible on the environment by leaving less of a footprint through keeping items in a closed loop system.

Questions for Students:

1. What is an example of a product from the linear and circular economies?

ANSWER: Linear = Food packaging film on broccoli, Circular: Car ride-sharing or PET plastic bottle recycling.

2. How is the linear model harming the planet?

ANSWER: Waste accumulates in the landfills or leaks into the environment as litter. Finite natural resources are depleted.

3. How can the circular economy help fight climate change?

ANSWER: It keeps natural resources in use with no need to extract more. It also reduces waste leakage into the environment as litter.

��

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Mapeamento do Ciclo de Vida

1. Extração 2. Produção 3. Distribuição 4. Uso 5. Descarte

Remanufacturado

Reciclar

Reutilizar

Composto

Reparar

Reaproveitar

Reutilizar

Recarga

Retornar

(Slide duration: 5min)

Tell students:

The major stages of a product’s life can be mapped in both linear and circular ways. We can assess the life cycle by identifying the 5 key stages of a product’s life:

Material extraction is how and where raw materials are removed from natural sources.
Production of the raw materials into a product.
Finished products are distributed to places where customers can purchase the product.
Customers use the product.
The product is then disposed of after use.

By looking at a product's entire life cycle, from materials extraction to end-of-life management, we can find new opportunities to reduce environmental impacts, conserve resources, and reduce costs. Instead of the linear “take-make-waste” system of the 5 stages, we can build in circularity through closed loops that keep these materials and products in use.

Circularity means rethinking the linear use cycle of a product or service with a beginning, middle, and end. If a product or service is truly circular, it will never actually have an end to its life, but continuously take a new form. Mapping this journey will ensure that your product is staying in a useful state for as long as possible and adds value at every stage.

�It is not only about recycling; it is really about redesigning the entire product or service delivery model so that human beings get the things they need without negatively impacting the natural systems that sustain us all.

�The exciting thing is that this is happening all around the world; people of all types are changing their lifestyles and companies are redesigning their products to be more circular. These types of changes mean designing products to be reused and rethinking the way we deliver functionality to the market. They also include encouraging repair through better support services, return or take-back programs, refill services that encourage the use of the same container more than once, and products being designed to be remanufactured to be returned to nature through composting.

�Ask students:

Can you give me an example of a product designed under one of the “Re” models of a circular product or service?

Tell students:

Click 1: �-PET plastic bottles can be recycled back into the same plastic bottle over and over.

Click 2:

-Bed frames are designed into key main parts and if one breaks the manufacturer can easily disassemble the parts and replace that single part and remanufacture the bed, preventing the customer from having to buy a whole new one. The old part can be broken down and reused into a new part.

Click 3:

-Buying clothes secondhand is a way to reuse old discarded clothes giving new value and extending its life.

Click 4:

-Shops can offer refill options for household items like shampoo and soap, allowing customers to bring their own container instead of buying shampoo in a new bottle each time.

Click 5:

-Old jeans could be brought back to a store for a discount on their next purchase, in exchange the brand can repair and repurpose the material to be remade into new clothes.

Click 6:

-Using compostable seaweed-based film on fresh produce at the grocery store to replace single use packaging.

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Cinco Modelos de Negócios de Circularidade

Suprimentos Circulares

Recuperação de Recursos

Extensão da Vida Útil do Produto

Plataforma de Compartilha mento

Produto como um serviço

Produtos feitos de totalmente renováveis, recicláveis, ou insumos de recursos biodegradáveis.

Serviços que trabalham para eliminar recursos, materiais ou desperdícios de vazar para o meio ambiente e maximizando o valor dele para reentrar no circuito.

Serviços que oferecem prolongar a vida útil de um produto descartado através da reparação, atualizando ou revendendo de volta para ao circuito.

As plataformas de compartilhamento permitem que as pessoas colaborem e compartilhem um produto entre si

sem propriedade singular por parte do cliente.

Produtos que são usados por um ou mais clientes na forma de pague conforme o uso.

(Slide duration: 5min)

Ask students:

How are businesses creating more circularity?

Tell students:

There are five core business models that are creating the circular economy.

Circular Supplies: Products made from fully renewable, recyclable, or biodegradable resource inputs.

Resource Recovery: Services that work to eliminate resources, materials, or waste from leaking into the environment and maximizing the value of it to reenter the loop.

Product Life Extension: Services that offer to extend the life of an otherwise discarded product through repairing, upgrading, or reselling it back into the loop.

Sharing Platform: Sharing platforms allow people to collaborate and share a product amongst themselves without singular ownership by the customer.

Product As A Service: Products that are used by one or more customers through a pay-as-you-use arrangement.

The next slides will highlight some real-world examples of each circular business model in practice.

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9

Cinco Modelos de Negócios de Circularidade

Extensão da Vida útil do Produto:

Plataforma de Compartilhamento: Compartilhamento de Carona

Recuperação de Recursos: Resíduos para energia

Produto como um Serviço: Aluguel de roupa

Suprimentos Circular: Calçado feito de plástico

Serviço de devolução e conserto

(Slide duration: 3min)

Ask students:

What are some real examples of each business model? Can you think of any companies practicing any of these circular principles?

Answers:

Circular Supplies:. Shoes made from fully recycled PET plastic.

Resource Recovery: Waste that cannot be recycled is diverted from the landfill to a waste to energy plant where it is processed into energy.

Product Life Extension: A company will repair your clothes or accept them as donations and those items are then repaired and sold again.

Sharing Platform: An online platform where homeowners can rent their homes to short term renters for a fee, allowing them to make money from unused living space and providing renters with alternatives to a hotel.

Product As A Service: Renting clothes gives customers the flexibility to affordably wear the fashion they want without having to buy the item and own it themselves.

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Emocional vs Funcional

Os benefícios emocionais proporcionam aos clientes um sentimento positivo quando compram ou usam uma determinada marca.

Os benefícios funcionais são baseados em um atributo de produto que fornece ao cliente utilidade funcional.

(Slide duration: 5min)

Tell students:

When designing a new product or service we need to understand the target audience. People buy and use products for a variety of reasons, and it is our job as designers to understand their problems and help resolve them. Their motivation to buy a product or use a service will fall into two aspects: emotional and functional. Identifying their needs and desires help shape the benefits we will create for them.

Emotional benefits provide customers with a positive feeling when they purchase or use a particular brand. They add richness and depth to the experience of owning and using the brand.

-Examples of emotional benefits include the “feel-good” factor when purchasing groceries carrying a fair-trade label or when donating to charities such as the Red Cross Foundation. Buying local has also started to carry emotional benefits, although most brands in these areas are niche brands that are currently not well known other than to their enthusiasts.

Functional benefits are based on a product attribute that provides the customer with functional utility. The goal is to select functional benefits that have the greatest impact with customers and support a strong position relative to competitors. However, it is important to keep in mind that functional benefits often fail to differentiate, can be easy to copy, and may reduce strategic flexibility.

-Examples of functional benefits include the computing capability of a smartphone, the thirst-quenching offered by a bottle of water, and the warmth of a wool sweater.

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Design para Circularidade

Design Thinking

Empatia

Defina

Idealize

Protótipo

Teste

Saiba mais sobre o público.

Aperfeiçoe as perguntas-chave.

Faça um brainstorm e crie soluções.

Crie representações de uma ou mais ideias.

Teste a ideia e obtenha feedback do usuário.

(Slide duration: 5min)

Tell students:

So how do we design new products and services for people? Innovative solutions help resolve customer pain points related to their emotional and functional needs. In creating these new solutions for customers, we can use a design process called “design thinking”.

Design thinking is a design methodology that provides a solution-based approach to solving problems. It is extremely useful in tackling complex problems by understanding the human needs involved, by re-framing the problem in human-centric ways, by creating many ideas in brainstorming sessions, and by adopting a hands-on approach in prototyping and testing.

The five stages:

Emphasize: This is the stage where we learn about our target audience. Who will use our product or service?

Define: Identify the key questions and problems you plan to address in your design process.

Ideate: With your target audience in mind, freely brainstorm your ideas to help solve their problems.

Prototype: Put together a minimum viable product you can test.

Test: Test your ideas and get feedback directly from the customers whose problems you are trying to solve.

�

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Produto como um Serviço: Aluguel de roupas

(Slide duration: 5min)

Tell students:

Let us examine a circular business model of (clothing rental) and move through the 5 stages of the design thinking process to understand it a little better.

Example: Clothing rental

Nearly half of young people said they would like to be more eco-friendly in their approach to fashion, yet most said prices are a priority. Users in the United States typically buy at least one item per week from high-street fashion and spend $35. By combining a rental model at an accessible price point allows customers to spend less while preventing them from having a wardrobe filled with unused clothes. The service gives customers flexibility by allowing them to select multiple outfits and decide how long to keep them.

Ask students:

What are the emotional aspects and functional aspects of this service?

Answers:

People want to be more eco-friendly but also dress the way they want without spending too much money. A rental service allows them to gain access to the clothes they wish to wear without the price tag or having to buy more clothes they will use only a few times. This also reduces clutter in their wardrobe.

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Estágio de Empatia

Aprenda sobre o público para quem você está projetando, por observação e entrevista.

Quem é meu usuário?
O que importa para essa pessoa?

(Slide duration: 3min)

Tell students:

The first stage of the design thinking process is to gain an empathetic understanding of the problem you are trying to solve. This involves consulting experts to find out more about the area of concern through observing, engaging and empathizing with people to understand their experiences and motivations, as well as immersing yourself in the physical environment so you can gain a deeper personal understanding of the issues involved. Empathy is crucial to a human-centered design process such as design thinking, and empathy allows design thinkers to set aside their own assumptions about the world in order to gain insight into users and their needs.

Depending on time constraints, a substantial amount of information is gathered at this stage to use during the next stage and to develop the best possible understanding of the users, their needs, and the problems that underlie the development of that product.

Ask students:

For our clothing rental example, who would be the ideal customer and what is their motivation to use this service?

Answers:

They are motivated to save money and gain access to the clothes they want to wear that make them feel good. This type of customer also is cost sensitive and does not want to constantly spend a lot of money to buy new clothes and clutter their wardrobe.

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Definir

Estágio

Crie um ponto de vista baseado nas necessidades e pensamentos do usuário.

Quais são as suas necessidades?

(Slide duration: 3min)

Tell students:

In the Define stage you put together the information you have created and gathered during the Empathize stage. This is where you will analyze your observations and synthesize them in order to define the core problems that you and your team have identified up to this point. You should seek to define the problem as a single problem statement in a human-centered manner that is not too complicated.

The Define stage will help designers gather great ideas to establish features, functions, and any other elements that will allow them to solve the problems or, at the very least, allow users to resolve issues themselves with minimal difficulty. In the Define stage you will start to progress to the third stage, Ideate, by asking questions which can help you look for ideas for solutions by asking some guiding questions.

Ask students

What are their needs?

Answers:

Want access to trendy clothes on a budget without having to own them.

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Estágio

Ideal

Faça um brainstorm e crie o maior número possível de soluções criativas.

Ideias malucas incentivadas!

(Slide duration: 3min)

Tell students:

Now, you as designers are ready to start generating ideas. You have grown to understand your users and their needs in the Empathize stage, and you have analyzed and synthesized your observations in the Define stage and ended up with a human-centered problem statement. With this solid background, you and your team members can start to "think outside the box" to identify new solutions to the problem statement you have created, and you can start to look for alternative ways of viewing the problem.

It is important to get as many ideas or problem solutions as possible at the beginning of the Ideation phase. All ideas are good and will help get the brainstorm flowing. There are no bad ideas, and any one idea can lead to the winning idea.

It is helpful to do this with sticky notes on a posterboard.

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Estágio de Protótipo

Construa uma representação de uma ou mais de suas ideias para mostrar aos outros.

Como posso mostrar a minha ideia?
Lembre-se: um protótipo é apenas um rascunho!

(Slide duration: 3min)

Tell students:

The design team will now produce a number of inexpensive, scaled down versions of the product or specific features found within the product, so they can investigate the problem solutions generated in the previous stage. Prototypes may be shared and tested within the team and with small groups of people outside the design team. For our exercise we can present these ideas to the class to get feedback.

This is an experimental phase and the aim is to identify the best possible solution for each of the problems identified during the first three stages. The solutions are implemented within the prototypes and, one by one, they are investigated and either accepted, improved and re-examined, or rejected on the basis of the users’ experiences. By the end of this stage, the design team will have a better idea of the constraints inherent to the product and the problems that are present and have a clearer view of how real users would behave, think, and feel when interacting with the end product.

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Estágio de Teste

Compartilhe sua ideia prototipada com seu usuário original para obter feedback.

O que funcionou?
O que não fez?

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Estágio de Empatia

Definir

Estágio

Ideal

Estágio de Protótipo

Estágio de Teste

Comprador com orçamento limitado

Veste as mais recente tendências da moda

Alugue roupas para Clientes

Quer acesso a roupas da moda

Não quer bagunçar seu guarda-roupa com itens não utilizados

Venda roupas da moda baratas

Crie uma pequena loja de aluguel de roupas off-line entre amigos e familiares

Peça roupas emprestadas de amigos para alugar para outros amigos e cobre uma pequena taxa

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Áreas de aluguel de roupas de circularidade

Return

1. Extração 2. Produção 3. Distribuição 4. Uso 5. Descarte

Retornar

Reparar

Reaproveitar

Alugar

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Atividade de Aula

Divida em grupos de 3 a 5 e prepare um cartaz ou use o folheto de design thinking.

1

Escolha uma das seguintes empresas:

Empresa de máquinas de lavar roupa
Moda têxtil
Fabricante de iluminação
Serviço de entrega de comida
Mercearia
Espaço de escritório

2

Use o folheto de design thinking para desenvolver sua solução circular para o negócio.

3

Aplique um ou mais modelos de design circular ao negócio.

4

Compartilhe suas ideias para redesenhar para a economia circular.

5

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Escolha uma empresa para redesenhar para circularidade

Tell students:

Have students choose one of the following businesses that needs a circular solution. Explain the linear problem of each business.

-Washing machine company:

Problem: Heating the water and running the machines can consume enormous amounts of energy, and that means plenty of greenhouse gas emissions. Tiny fibers are shed from your clothes, bed sheets, or other garments every time you wash a load of laundry. Those particles often end up in our waterways.

Guiding question: Is there a better way to wash our clothes that is still convenient but does not create microfiber waste and uses less energy?

-Fashion textiles:

Problem: Some textile manufacturers use large amounts of water and dyeing chemicals that may be mismanaged and can end up in our waterways. Due to fashion trends and low prices, clothes are consumed at a much higher rate resulting in a lot of old, unused clothes that will eventually be thrown away and end up in a landfill.

Guiding question: Is there a better way we can still access the fashion of our choice at a cheap price without continuously having to buy new items? Is there a better way to consume clothes without needing to manufacture more through a wasteful and resource-intensive production process?

-Lighting manufacturer:

Problem: Lightbulbs are used for a set period of time requiring customers to buy new bulbs after each use. Also, bulbs cannot be recycled due to the metal wiring inside creating a lot of waste in landfills.

Guiding question: Is there a way we can access lighting without having to buy new lightbulbs that are not recyclable, and which result in more landfill waste?

-Food delivery service:

Problem: When you order food online it is delivered to your door and often served with a lot of single use packaging. Single use packaging makes it easy for the service to bring you food but creates a lot of waste that may not be recycled.

Guiding question: Is there a better way a company could deliver food to you without all the single use packaging?

-Grocery stores:

Problem: Stores sell produce, nuts, and seeds in single use packaging that make it easy to buy in the quantity of our choice. The packaging used for this kind of purchase at the grocery store is not recyclable and will likely end up as waste.

Guiding question: Is there a better way to sell items in bulk without the need for single use packaging?

-Office space:

Problem: Some business professionals need an office to work but rent can be very expensive and cost prohibitive. Even if they could afford the rent, they would still need to purchase a desk, office supplies, and pay the utility bills.

Guiding question: Is there a better way working professionals could access a flexible workspace with office amenities like presentation rooms, printing, and a kitchen, without having to pay high rents and committing to a lease over a long period of time?

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Estágio de Empatia

Definir Estágio

Estágio

Ideal

Estágio de Protótipo

Estágio de Teste

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Mapa do Ciclo de Vida Circular

Reciclar

Remanufacturado

Reutilizar

1. Extração 2. Produção 3. Distribuição 4. Uso 5. Descarte

Recarga

Retornar

Reparar

Reaproveitar

Reutilizar

Composto

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