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Incomplete or Codominance

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Incomplete Dominance

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    • There is no dominant or recessive, the heterozygous condition results in a "blending" of the two traits.

RED Flower x WHITE Flower ---> PINK Flower

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Incomplete Dominance

R = allele for red flowers �W = allele for white flowers

red x white ---> pink �RR x WW ---> 100% RW

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Codominance

  • Co = together
  • The recessive and dominant traits appear together in phenotype

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  • The F1 generation will all be red and white spotted

red x white ---> red & white

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Multiple Allele Traits

Traits that are coded for by more than two alleles

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Blood Types in Humans

  • Typed by proteins it contains
    • Antigens (on cell surface)
    • Antibodies (in blood plasma)

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    • Blood typing involves identifying the antigens on the red blood cell membrane

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ABO Blood Groups

  • 4 Different blood types

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  • Grouped according to the presence or absence of A and B antigens

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  • If you mix these blood types incorrectly the blood will clump and patient can die.

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Blood Group A

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  • A antigens on cell surface
  • B antibodies in plasma

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Blood Group B

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    • B antigens on cell surface
    • A antibodies in plasma

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Blood Group AB

  • Both A and B antigens on cell surface
  • No antibodies in plasma
  • Universal acceptor
    • Can accept A, B, and O blood

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O Blood Type

  • No antigens
  • Antibodies for both A and B
  • Universal donor

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Rh factor

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Rh (+) has Rh antigens and no Rh antibodies

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Rh (–) does not have Rh antigens but does have Rh antibodies

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Blood Transfusions

  • Who can receive blood from whom?

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Gene Control of Blood Type

  • Controlled by three alleles A, B, and O

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Phenotype

Genotype

A

AA or AO

B

BB or BO

AB

AB only

O

OO only

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Blood Type Cross Examples

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Blood Type Cross Examples