COMMUNICATION 1�GRAMMAR REVIEW
DR. GINA S. SALAZAR
University of the Philippines Manila
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�LESSON 1
Agreement
Agreement
“refers to the required change in the form of one part of the sentence as determined by another part.”
-Malicsi, J. (1994) The U.P. English Manual. University of the Philippines.
4
“Agreement in English applies to the pairs
1. determiner and noun,
2. pre-determiner and
noun,
3. noun-subject and verb,
and
4. noun-antecedent and
pronoun.
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“Agreement in English applies to the pairs
These items are ready for distribution.
2. pre-determiner and noun
Much compassion is needed now that there is a pandemic.
3. noun-subject and verb
She wakes up early for the review.
4. noun-antecedent and
pronoun
The participants provided their names.
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Determiners and Nouns
Each participant is required to log on to Google
Classroom.
All the participants are required to log on to
Google Classroom.
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Determiners and Nouns
Each of the participants is required to log on to
Google Classroom.
Any question is to be accommodated by the
moderator.
Any questions are to be accommodated by the
moderator.
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Pre-determiners and Nouns
None of the employees are requested to report to
the office during the pandemic.
A little of the incentives was allotted to bills payments.
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Collective-nouns and Verbs
“This semantic consideration is easier to handle if the predicate clearly indicates collective action, or individual action by the members, such as where complements in the predicate are necessarily plural.”
-Malicsi, J. (1994) The U.P. English Manual.
University of the Philippines.
10
Collective-nouns and Verbs
The crew is hardworking.
The crew are always cooperative during the monthly Man Overboard Drill.
The majority opposes the bill in Congress.
A majority of the legislators oppose the bill.
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Singular nouns ending in -s
Economics, linguistics, mathematics, news, politics
The news has shocked the Filipino community in the United States of America.
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Compound Subjects Connected by ‘And’
There appear to be a winner and a loser in the almost concluded series of presidential debates.
“Love and not hate makes the world go round.”
“ People and not policy are the focus of his analysis.”
-Malicsi, J. (1994) The U.P. English Manual.
University of the Philippines.
13
Compound Subjects with Either or Neither
Either as subject
Either is acceptable.
Either of the choices is acceptable to the group.
Neither as subject
Neither is acceptable.
Neither of the choices is acceptable to the group.
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Compound Subjects Joined by Correlative Pairs
Either-or
Either the Vice President or the cabinet members are present in the Senate hearing.
Either the cabinet members or the Vice President is present in the Senate hearing.
Neither-nor
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Compound Subjects Joined by Correlative Pairs
Neither-nor
Neither the Vice President nor the cabinet members are present in the Senate hearing.
Neither the cabinet members nor the Vice President is present in the Senate hearing.
Note: Either as subject, Neither as subject
Neither-nor
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Subjects with Modifiers
A number of
A number of employees have expressed interest in joining the online training.
The number of
The number of employees interested in joining the online training has increased.
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Subjects with Modifiers
One
One employee in the national agency was recognized for her charitable deeds during the pandemic.
One of
One of two hundred employees of the national agency was found to have performed charitable deeds during the pandemic.
One of the
One of the employees of the national agency has demonstrated charity during the pandemic.
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Subjects with Quantifiers
Every, each, many an/a, more than one, all, half, two thirds
Every instructor, student, and administrator is expected to attend the meeting on time.
Many a Filipino still aspires to be an American citizen.
More than one diplomat has expressed support for the OFWs.
Half of the number of participants is from one division only.
Two thirds of the groups are present in the hearing.
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Adjectives as Subjects
“A subject consisting of an adjective with the is treated as plural.”
“Only the good die young.”
-Malicsi, J. (1994) The U.P. English Manual.
University of the Philippines.
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�LESSON 2�Pronoun-antecedent Agreement
Pronoun-antecedent Agreement
“Pronouns agree in number and gender with the nouns they refer to.”
-Malicsi, J. (1994) The U.P. English Manual. University of the Philippines.
The actress is told the she passed the auditions.
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“Big changes are afoot! APA endorses the use of ”they” as a singular third-person pronoun in the seventh edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. This means it is officially good practice in scholarly writing to use the singular “they”. “
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When to Use the Singular “They”
Two Main Cases:
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NOTE
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Pronoun-antecedent Agreement
The committee drafted its monthly report.
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Pronoun-antecedent Agreement
Anyone is allowed to take the UP College Admission Test (UPCAT) but “he is not assured of admission.”
-Malicsi, J. (1994) The U.P. English Manual.
University of the Philippines.
Everybody is welcome to attend the online training although one is to be required to create a Gmail account to access Google Classroom.
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LESSON 3
Case of Pronouns
Cases of Pronouns
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Subjective Case
“The pronoun functioning as subject of the verb must be in the subjective case.”
-Malicsi, J. (1994) The U.P. English Manual.
University of the Philippines.
I and Rose are to be deployed to Turkey next month.
*Me and Rose are to be deployed to Turkey next month.
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Objective Case
”The objective case is used for the pronoun functioning as object of a transitive verb or preposition.”
-Malicsi, J. (1994) The U.P. English Manual.
University of the Philippines.
The staff members conceptualized the program for him/me/us/them.
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Complement with Be
It’s me.
That’s her.
The suspects were them.”
-Malicsi, J. (1994) The U.P. English Manual.
University of the Philippines.
32
Complement with Be
It was I who nominated him for the position
of Undersecretary.
That was she who decided to resign after the
controversy.
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Comparatives with ”as’ or “than”
-Malicsi, J. (1994) The U.P. English Manual.
University of the Philippines.
Subjective Case in Academic writing:
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Comparatives with ”as’ or “than”
Subjective case in academic writing:
The employee is as interested in the training as she.
The employee is as interested in the training as she is.
The brother is more intelligent than he.
The brother is more intelligent than he is.
Objective case in business writing:
The employee is as interested in the training as her.
The brother is more intelligent than him.
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Session 2
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Reflexive Case
“The reflexive form is used to refer to an object pronoun which refers back to the subject” (Malicsi, 1994):
We must prepare ourselves for the training.
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Reflexive Case
“The reflexive form is used to refer to indicate that the action was done “on one’s own” or “unaided”” (Malicsi, 1994):
The division head completed the report himself.
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LESSON 4
Prepositions and Idioms
THE IMPORTANCE
OF
KNOWING
GRAMMAR RULES
Prepositions
“…classified according to meaning” (Malicsi, 1994)
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Prepositions
Location: aboard, about, above, along, apart from, beneath,
in front, upon, within
Direction: across, toward(s), off, out of
Relation: apart from, despite, in accordance with, in spite of
Possession: of
Time: about, after, around, during, until, since
Process: by means of, through
Approximation: about, around
Attribution: according to
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Prepositions
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QUIZ 3�Idioms/prepositions
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Prepositions
An increase in body heat _____ the dilation of the peripheral blood vessels which causes blushing.
A. results to B. results in
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Prepositions
The accuracy of prediction ______ the accuracy of the measurements and computation used in experimentation.
A. depends on B. depends with
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Prepositions
The study _____ the influence of hemisphere specialization in the brain on human emotions and attitudes.
A. deals in B. deals with
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Prepositions
Some historians claim that modern man does not drastically ______ the Neanderthal man.
A. differ from B. differ with
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Prepositions
People who like to have a tan even in winter _____ superpods _____ ultraviolet parlors.
prefer . . . to B. prefer . . . than
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Prepositions
Many office managers have difficulty _____ employees’ resistance to innovation.
A. coping with B. coping up with
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Prepositions
The striking workers have _____ the deregulation plan presented by the president of the company.
A. agreed on B. agreed with
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Prepositions
The engineers were ____ their work of developing labor-saving machines.
A. compensated for B. compensated with
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Prepositions
The company accountant is worried because there seems to be a discrepancy ______ the two sets of figures.
A. among C. with
B. in D. between
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Prepositions
There were numerous discrepancies ____ the solutions submitted by the mathematics students in Ms. Buenvenida’s class.
A. in C. between
B. of D. among
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Prepositions
I met Celia ____ the street on my way to the theater.
A. at C. on
B. in D. to
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Prepositions
We traveled overnight to Vigan and arrived ____ 5:00 the next morning.
A. on C. at
B. in D. to
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Prepositions
Would you like to go to the movies _____ Friday night?
A. on C. in
B. at D. to
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Prepositions
They say that the price of electricity is going up ____ January.
A. to C. on
B. in D. at
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Prepositions
Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria, _____ 1756.
A. on C. at
B. to D. in
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Prepositions
Jane was _____ a bus that passed me this morning but she did not see me.
A. at C. to
B. in D. on
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Prepositions
Grace traveled _____ a train from Syracuse to Cleveland last September.
A. on C. by
B. in D. to
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Prepositions
Grace traveled _____ a train from Syracuse to Cleveland last September.
A. on C. by
B. in D. to
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Prepositions
They bought their shoes cheap because they were ____ sale.
A. for C. of
B. at D. on
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Prepositions
Rose saw a house ____ sale near the lake and wanted to buy it.
A. of C. for
B. in D. on
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Prepositions
Many town fiestas, which I love to attend, are celebrated ____ May.
A. on C. in
B. by D. at
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Prepositions
The US President is always accompanied _____ the Secret Service whenever and wherever he travels.
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Prepositions
Does a teacher have the right to get angry ____ her students because they did not do the work assigned to them?
A. with C. to
B. at D. for
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Prepositions
The congressmen’s “countryside development fund” does not seem to be different ____ the old pork barrel.
A. to C. against
B. from D. of
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Prepositions
Not many editors can say that they would publish articles critical of the ruling class regardless ____ the consequences.
A. to C. with
B. from D. of
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Prepositions
Students who travel on a low budget usually _____ the cheaper accommodations being offered by youth hostels.
A. avail of B. avail themselves of
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Prepositions
The guards told them to ____ their guns.
A. hand in B. hand over
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Prepositions
The teacher instructed the students to ____ their papers.
A. hand over B. hand in
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Prepositions
The sick athlete ____, but he managed to play during the second round of the game.
A. Passed on B. passed out
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