S T U D E N T G U I D E

​

Repelling Germs with Sharkskin

​

How does sharkskin have the potential to help humans?

​

​

​

​

thinkcerca.com

Table of Contents

Skills Focus

• Build Your Vocabulary: Frayer Model
• Cornell Notes: Citing Evidence to Support Analysis in Informational Texts

Overview and Connect

• Find Your Purpose for Learning
• Share Your Personal Connection

Read and Check

• Share Your Reflections
• Test Prep Strategy: Prediction (Optional)

Analyze / Engage with the Text

• Highlight and Annotate

Summarize

• Write a Summary

Develop / Build Your Argument

• Share Your Argument Builder

Draft and Review / Create your CERCA

• Peer Editing Activity
• Reflect on Your Writing

thinkcerca.com

Extension Activities

• Activity: Echolocation
• Inquiry to Research: Asking Questions of the Texts

Vocabulary Word:�

MICROSCOPIC

​

thinkcerca.com

S K I L L S F O C U S

Build Your Vocabulary: �Frayer Model — Microscopic �

The Frayer Model helps you learn vocabulary from different angles.

1. Look for the vocabulary word in the center circle of the graphic organizer below.
2. In the “examples” box, list examples or synonyms of the word.
3. In the “non-examples” box, write non-examples or antonyms.
4. Next, add facts and characteristics about the word.
5. Finally, write your own definition, or look one up!�

Frayer Model

thinkcerca.com

S K I L L S F O C U S

Cornell Notes: Citing Evidence to Support Analysis in Informational Texts

Instructions: Take notes on the Direct Instruction lesson using the organizer below. Then summarize and reflect on the next page.

Complete the Direct Instruction lesson online at learn.thinkcerca.com

thinkcerca.com

S K I L L S F O C U S

Cornell Notes: Citing Evidence to Support Analysis in Informational Texts

Summarize and Reflect

In your own words and in complete sentences, write a 3–4 sentence summary of this Direct Instruction lesson. An accurate summary will cover the lesson's central ideas and include important details to support those ideas.

​

​

Record your summary here:

O V E R V I E W A N D C O N N E C T

Find Your Purpose for Learning

Instructions: When you have finished reading the Overview for this lesson, answer the following questions in the space below:

​

What more would you like to learn about biomimicry? What would you like to know about how scientists study sharkskin to learn about repelling germs?

​

thinkcerca.com

Read the Overview provided at learn.thinkcerca.com

O V E R V I E W A N D C O N N E C T

Share Your Personal Connection

​

​

thinkcerca.com

Complete the Connect section for this selection at learn.thinkcerca.com

Instructions:�

1. Think: On your own, think about your experiences related to the topic.
2. Pair & Share: With a partner, group, or a trusted listener, share the parts of your response that you feel comfortable sharing.
3. Reflect: If time permits, reflect on your experience. What ideas did others share that you hadn't considered? How were your ideas alike?

R E A D

Share Your Reflections

Instructions: During or after you have finished reading, find the questions in the text marked Pause and Reflect. These questions may help you understand the text, or they may help you connect the text to yourself, to other texts, or to the world around you.

Use the space on the left below to answer the reflection questions. Then discuss your answers, noting how they were similar or different.

Record “Pause and Reflect” answers here:

Record discussion reflections here:

thinkcerca.com

Refer to the Pause and Reflect questions within the Read section of the lesson at learn.thinkcerca.com.

​

thinkcerca.com

C H E C K

Test Prep Strategy: Prediction

One way to prepare for assessments is to practice looking for the answers in the text before looking at the answer choices. Use prediction strategies as an opportunity to read a text more carefully.

​

Read each multiple choice question. In your own words, record your prediction of the correct response in the chart below.

Refer to the multiple choice questions for this lesson at learn.thinkcerca.com.

thinkcerca.com

A N A L Y Z E / E N G A G E W I T H T H E T E X T

Highlight and Annotate

​

In this step, you will analyze the text closely, then discuss your findings to begin developing reasoning for your argument.

​

1. Read the text again, highlighting and annotating important details. ��Follow the prompts provided. The highlighting prompts will help you with the final writing task. ��You will find evidence to support your own argument or informational piece, as well as models of excellence that will help you better understand a writer’s craft in narratives and poetry. The evidence you highlight will be available when you begin building your draft in the next step.

​

2. If time permits, pair and share your highlights and annotations with a classmate. Pay close attention to this conversation! Your thinking is important reasoning that you may include in your final draft.

​

​

Return to learn.thinkcerca.com to complete Analyze / Engage with the Text.

thinkcerca.com

S U M M A R I Z E

Write a Summary

​

Summaries help you process your thinking about a text and are often a great way to start off an argumentative or informational essay. A good summary shows you have knowledge about a topic.

​

Practicing summarizing also helps you prepare for the main idea questions posed on many standardized assessments. In addition, summarizing is a helpful skill for working with others, such as when you need to confirm your understanding of what someone else has said. That's a useful skill for all parts of life.

​

1. Use the sentence stems provided in the online lesson to summarize the text. Your summary should:
1. Be brief
2. Include the main idea and key details
3. Represent these ideas fairly and accurately �
2. If time permits, pair and share with a classmate. Read each other’s summary, and discuss how they are similar or different. What did you say were the main idea and key details? Were your summaries fair and accurate? Why?

​

Return to learn.thinkcerca.com to complete Summarize.

thinkcerca.com

D E V E L O P / B U I L D Y O U R A R G U M E N T

Share your Argument Builder

When you’ve completed the argument building step, share your results with others, and listen to how they responded to the same question. Ask questions, and give feedback to help strengthen your partners’ reasons and evidence.

Complete Develop / Build Your Argument to begin building your argument at learn.thinkcerca.com

D R A F T A N D R E V I E W / C R E A T E Y O U R C E R C A

Peer Editing Activity

​

​

​

1. Do a self-assessment of your CERCA. Use the online rubric for the lesson on learn.thinkcerca.com, checking each box where you find evidence that you have achieved the criteria.�
2. Next, collaborate with a classmate to read each other’s drafts. Again, use the rubric to evaluate each other’s work.�
3. Share insights into what might make your pieces stronger. Find two positive attributes and one area of growth for each draft you review.�
4. Revise your piece using what you learned from your self-assessment and the feedback from your peers.

Complete your Draft at learn.thinkcerca.com

thinkcerca.com

D R A F T A N D R E V I E W / C R E A T E Y O U R C E R C A

Reflect on Your Writing

Before you submit your final CERCA, write a brief reflection describing your experience.

An area for growth for me on this piece or in my writing in general is…

​

The strongest areas of this piece of writing are…

thinkcerca.com

Through self-assessment and/or peer editing, I learned…

Extension Activities

​

The following activities can be used as extensions to this lesson.

thinkcerca.com

O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : A C T I V I T Y

Echolocation

Background�Bats use echolocation to find their way in the dark, and humans have mimicked this ability in the form of radar and sonar. In both the animal and the technology, the method is the same. Sound is sent in a specific direction. It bounces off an object, and the length of time that it takes for the wave to return to the source gives information about the object’s distance.

But did you know that some humans have learned to use echolocation naturally, without a machine, just like bats? Daniel Kish is blind, but he can ride a bike by using echolocation. He makes clicking sounds, then pays attention to the sound as it returns to him to determine what is in front of him. To learn more about Daniel (and hear his clicks), read this NPR story about him.

Let’s see how good you are at echolocation.

​

Materials

• Blindfold
• Partner
• Tape or other marking objects
• Tape measure (or string)

​

Experiment

1. Find a large area with little noise and no obstacles.
2. Blindfold yourself.
3. Have your partner choose a location some distance from you to stand and mark the spot. Then, your partner will say 1 word.
4. Walk toward where you think your partner was standing when they spoke. Stop when you think you get there.
5. Take off the blindfold, and measure how close you were to your partner’s location.
6. Repeat the experiment, but this time, have your partner speak twice.
7. Repeat the experiment again, having your partner talk the entire time you are walking toward them.

thinkcerca.com

O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : A C T I V I T Y

Echolocation (continued)

​

Reflect

​

• How much more accurately were you able to determine your partner’s location when they spoke more than once?
• Did it make a big difference if they spoke continually?
• What does this tell you about how frequently bats (and Daniel Kish) probably send out sounds?

thinkcerca.com

O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : I N Q U I R Y T O R E S E A R C H

Ask Questions of the Texts

As you engage with texts in any subject, you can actively ask questions about the author’s purpose, intended audience, and occasion to understand the message. The table below provides examples.

​

thinkcerca.com

O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : I N Q U I R Y T O R E S E A R C H

Ask Questions of the Texts (continued)

Use the table below to record questions about the text you read.

/ 224.412.3722 / thinkcerca.com