1 of 12

International Distribution

Management

IN HINDI

Types of

1. Export Management Companies (EMCs)

2. Export Trading Companies (ETCs)

3. Freight Forwarders

4. Customs Brokers

5. Distributors

6. Agents and Brokers

7. Retailers

8. Logistics Providers

2 of 12

    • International distribution management refers to the process of planning, coordinating and controlling the movement of goods and services across different countries to reach customers efficiently.
    • It involves selecting the right distribution channels, intermediaries and logistics strategies to ensure timely delivery, cost efficiency and compliance with international trade regulations.

International Distribution Management

3 of 12

Quality inspections

Logistics & Transportation

Port Clearance & Import Customs

Warehousing & Distribution

in South Africa

South Africa

4 of 12

LIST OF INTERMEDIARIES

1. Export Management Companies (EMCs)

2. Export Trading Companies (ETCs)

3. Freight Forwarders

4. Customs Brokers

5. Distributors

6. Agents and Brokers

7. Retailers

8. Logistics Providers

5 of 12

1. EXPORT MANAGEMENT COMPANIES (EMCS)

    • Export Management Companies act as the export department for manufacturers who may not have the expertise or resources to manage international sales on their own.
    • EMCs handle various aspects of the export process, providing a comprehensive service that includes market research, identifying potential buyers, negotiating sales and managing all export documentation and logistics.
    • Examples:
              • MMTC Ltd. (Metals and Minerals Trading Corporation of India)
              • Punjab Agri Export Corporation (PAGREXCO)

6 of 12

2. EXPORT TRADING COMPANIES (ETCS)

    • Export Trading Companies purchase goods from domestic producers and sell them in international markets.
    • Unlike EMCs, ETCs take title to the goods, meaning they own the products during the export process and assume all associated risks and rewards.
    • ETCs typically handle large volumes of trade and are well-versed in the logistics and regulations of international commerce.
    • Examples: Gunvor Group, Johnvents Group

7 of 12

3. FREIGHT FORWARDERS

    • Freight forwarders specialize in arranging the transportation of goods on behalf of exporters.
    • They provide a range of logistics services, including consolidating shipments, negotiating freight rates, preparing shipping documents and ensuring that goods are transported efficiently and cost-effectively.
    • Freight forwarders play a crucial role in managing the complex logistics of international shipping.
    • Examples: DHL Global Forwarding, UPS Supply Chain Solutions

8 of 12

4. CUSTOMS BROKERS

    • Customs brokers are licensed professionals who assist businesses in clearing goods through customs.
    • They handle the complex documentation required for importing and exporting goods, calculate duties and taxes, and ensure compliance with local and international regulations.
    • Customs brokers are essential for navigating the complex rules and procedures of international trade.
    • Examples: DHL Global Forwarding, UPS Supply Chain Solutions, Ryal Logistics

9 of 12

5. DISTRIBUTORS

    • Distributors act as intermediaries who purchase products from manufacturers and sell them to retailers or directly to consumers in foreign markets.
    • They usually hold inventory, manage local marketing efforts, and provide after-sales service.
    • Distributors help manufacturers reach new markets without having to establish their own sales presence abroad.

10 of 12

6. AGENTS AND BROKERS

    • Agents and brokers facilitate transactions between buyers and sellers in international markets.
    • Agents represent the seller and earn a commission on sales, while brokers bring buyers and sellers together without taking ownership of the goods.
    • Both play a critical role in expanding a company’s reach in foreign markets by leveraging their local knowledge and networks.

11 of 12

7. RETAILERS

    • Retailers purchase products from distributors or manufacturers and sell them directly to end consumers.
    • In international markets, retailers provide a direct channel for manufacturers to reach consumers.
    • They often have deep local market knowledge and established customer bases.

12 of 12

8. LOGISTICS PROVIDERS

    • Logistics providers, including third-party logistics (3PL) and fourth-party logistics (4PL) companies, offer comprehensive logistics solutions.
    • They manage the transportation, warehousing, and distribution of goods, ensuring efficient and cost-effective supply chain operations.