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Dublin Community Mediation

Whitechurch Library Building, 

Taylor’s Lane, Rathfarnham, Dublin 16, D16 PN53.

Tel: 01 4515910 / 089 9633170

Email: info@dcmhelp.ie

Ballymun Community Law Centre CLG

T: + 353 (0) 1 862 5805

Pat Lynch

Mediation4U@gmail.com

PPN SUMMER SCHOOL

Mediation

Conflict Coaching

Handling Difficult Conversations

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INTRODUCTION

Pat Lynch

Certified Mediator and Conflict Coach

@

DCM and BCLC

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THIS EVENINGS AGENDA

Introduction

Mediation Awareness and Process

Conflict Coaching Awareness and Process

Thoughts When Handling Difficult Conversations

Q&A

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MEDIATION

Process of bringing two or more parties together in a safe and confidential environment

to assist in a resolution of the difficulties between them.

The mediator is an impartial participant whose conduct is governed by the Mediation Act

There are normally 2 private meeting before the parties get into joint session (if the difficulties are mediatable)

Issues can be resolved in 1 or more joint sessions, determined by the willingness of the parties to work together and/or the number of issues between them.

Either party can withdraw from the mediation at any time.

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CONFLICT COACHING

I would be confident that we are all going to experience conflict at some

stage of our lives.

This conflict can manifest itself in many ways and sometimes its difficult to

solve it on you own.

Conflict Coaching can help in many ways.

It can help in preparing you for Mediation.

It can help in preparing you for a difficult conversation that you want

to have.

If you are the type of person who is easily triggered or reacts negatively

on conversation it can help you identify and control you triggers.

The process is one on one coaching where the difficulties being

experienced in conversation can be identified, solutions found and

preparation for difficult conversations going forward established.

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HANDLING DIFFICULT CONVERSATIONS

Think about the powerful impact within these four simple phrases:

  • I love you.
  • I hate you.
  • I’m sorry
  • I Forgive you

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Difficult conversations – putting it all together

 

Creating a learning conversation

 

What is/ are your purposes? Do they make sense?

- some useful purposes

  • Learning their story
  • Expressing your views and feelings
  • Problem-solving together
  • Improving communication/ relationship between you

 

 

If you decide to go ahead with a conversation - remember

  • You can’t change the other person
  • Don’t hit and run e.g. give a quick evaluation or judgement and then walk away without unfolding or leaving them without the opportunity to respond
  • Don’t focus on short term relief at the expense of longterm cost

 

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Difficult conversations – putting it all together

Some liberating assumptions

  • It is not my responsibility to make it better/ to solve the problem; it is my responsibility to do my best
  • They have limitations too
  • This conflict does not define who I am
  • Letting go does not mean I have lost or no longer care

 

 

If you decide to raise the issues what kind of attitude or meta-skill would be helpful towards achieving your purposes?

  • Awareness – notice multiple signals and multiple levels
  • Mindfulness - slow down – a lot is happening – things are more complex than they seem
  • Curiosity – be open to learning – there is a lot of relevant information you are not aware of yet.
  • Kindness – we all have our shortcomings
  • Transparency – willingness to share your story, views, feelings, observations
  • Guesthouse – welcome all – listen well
  • Eldership - all voices need to be heard

 

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Intractability: longstanding history/suffering, exhausted efforts to solve, unable to put baggage from past aside

Taboo: too sensitive to mention/ un-discussable without major blow-up

Threat: fear of critical attack/ harassment re. behaviour, competence, judgement

Aggression: oppressive/ intimidating manner of criticism, disdainful/ dismissive responses, etc.

Evasion: of issue, discussion, accountability using socially acceptable techniques

Subversion: efforts to derail, disrupt to avoid difficulties

Incompetence: limited self-awareness, sensitivity to others, processing and communication skills

Difficult conversations – putting it all together

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What makes conversations difficult?

Lack of awareness of self/another/ context

Poor role/boundary/relationship management

Getting triggered/ low emotional intelligence

Focus on blame Vs impact

Unhelpful assumptions

One-sidedness

Misuse of rank/ position/power

Poor understanding/ handling of conflict dynamics

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Difficult or Learning conversations

Many conversations are thinly veiled attempts to persuade or coerce others to agree with our view of reality.

How can we raise sensitive or difficult issues in a way that is acceptable to all parties?

How do we make the un-discussable discussable?

How do we get the job done and maintain healthy relationships?

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Really 4 simultaneous conversations:

Issue/story:

what happened?

identity:

what’s at stake &

what’s at risk

feeling:

how are we

handling emotions?

power:

how are we

handling our power?

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The issue/ story’ conversation

truth:

what happened?

Arguing about who is right / �telling the truth

From

To

Exploring each other’s stories:

+ what is important

+ perceptions and interpretations of events�+ how they reach their conclusions

Assuming they meant it

Separating intent from impact

Recognising complex, multiple

intentions

Blaming and judging

Mapping contribution system

Giving problem-solver Vs. defender role

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Perceptual positions and framing

It’s a triangle!

No it’s a square!!

No it’s a rectangle!!!

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The ‘identity conversation� what’s at risk/at stake ?

What are we

identified with

and protecting?

from:

to:

protecting self image

expanding and “complexifying” your identity

self rejection and self criticism

building self esteem and confidence

losing your balance

regaining your balance

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Triggers/ Protective Responses

  • arise when people experience threat during conflict e.g. threat to needs, interests, values, identity, beliefs
  • responses (initially) operate below consciousness and rational choice.
  • threat can trigger our survival and defensive instincts/ reactions - fight, flight, play dead(freeze)
  • often unable to distinguish between biological (physical) and psychological (identity/ego) threat
  • We try to separate what is threatened from reaction

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The ‘feelings’ conversation

How are we �handling �our emotions?

“letting ‘em have it”, avoiding/

passive aggression

Owning, understanding, expressing emotions

language of alienation/

labeling

Language of compassion/ empathy

strength of feeling

Clarifying needs, interests and values

impulsive reaction

Inquiry and considered requests

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Why are Feelings important in conflict?

We often suppress feelings or explode or both rather than welcome and unfold their meaning

  • Feelings of fear, anger, grief, get triggered when something important to us is threatened
  • Unexpressed feelings leak/burst into conversation
  • Unexpressed feelings can make it difficult to listen
  • Unexpressed feelings damage self-esteem and relationships
  • Abusive feeling expression impedes communication and escalates conflict

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Feelings: our emotional dashboard

Emotions are signals – meaningful messages

Our own needs, values, beliefs and expectations create out emotions not the actions of others!

  • We experience positive emotion when needs are satisfied – negative emotions when not met
  • Emotions are generated in response to whether our values are violated or respected
  • Our beliefs and expectations also trigger positive and negative emotional responses if someone does or does not fulfil them

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Uncovering needs in conversation

Positions:

Interests:

Needs:

-what we must have

-what we really want

-what we say we want

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Taking the heat out of conflict Rosenberg Non-Violent Communication (NVC)

  • “WHEN I NOTICE…(observation not evaluation/ judgement)
  • “I FEEL…… (emotion)
  • “BECAUSE I NEED/VALUE…… (motivation)
  • “ AND I WOULD LIKE YOU TO…... (request for action)

Then wait for response in silence!

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The “Power” conversationRank, power & our relationship

How are we using

our powers?

power balance/imbalance based on multiple sources of power

from:

to:

power struggles & unconscious use of power

power balancing & aware/ uplifting use of rank and power

coercion & powerlessness

choice & power-sharing

dependence/ independence

interdependence

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The nature of power

Our power

– is often outside our awareness

– is often gifted as well as gained

– stems from sources we can access /over which we have control

– enables us to influence people and make things happen

– is relative and shifts constantly

– is more visible to those with less power

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Rank is complex

  • Everyone has high rank in some areas low in others
  • Can change from moment to moment even with the same person
  • Some kinds of rank are more enduring e.g. social
  • People with a lot of rank lack awareness of why those without rank complain or what they suffer from – this escalates conflict
  • Unconscious use of rank may lead to abuse and revenge and retaliation ( a wake-up call!)
  • Rank is not a bad thing – it is essential for effective living/working. How we use it is often problematic

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Rank and rankism in action

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  • Many conversations are thinly veiled attempts to persuade or coerce others to agree with our view of reality.
  • How can we raise sensitive or difficult issues in a way that is acceptable to all parties?
  • How do we make the un-discussable discussable?

Difficult Conversations

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Key aspects of our thinking that influence how we handle difficult conversations� (Clark & Myers)

  • Assumptions – examining taken for granted beliefs

  • Partnership – sharing power/ decision making

  • Information – exchanging all relevant information

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Why learning rather than resolution?

  • less threatening
  • can do it on your own/ together/ in group
  • makes the un-discussable discussable
  • does not commit you to anything you do not choose to do
  • creates awareness and understanding
  • opens up choices and possibilities for dissolution/ resolution/ transformation
  • offers an alternative to power based methods

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Negative emotions alert us ……

  • What makes difficult conversations difficult is often the negative emotions we experience before, during, after the conversation

  • When negative emotions are experienced this is a sign that assumptions need to be questioned

  • Feelings needed to be attended to first – not just obvious ones – the more subtle ones are often key

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Forms of speech: Advocacy and Inquiry

  • This is my world: Advocacy is primarily about presenting your ideas, needs, concerns, values, beliefs, interpretations – usually how you experience the world and how you or those you represent would like things to proceed.

  • What is your world like? Inquiry is primarily about listening, gathering information from all available sources, finding out, usually about how others see or experience the world, their feelings, reasoning, problems and so on but self-discovery is also inquiry

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