PLUMBING

By: IST

• Cleanout – allows gain access for cleaning clogged lines
• Drainage System – includes all piping within public or private premises
• DWV – Drainage Waste and Vent
• Plumbing Fixtures – plumbing items in household (lavatories, sink, tubs)
• Potable – safe for drinking and cooking
• Grade – slope or fall of pipe

• Fitting – used to connect pipes
• Sewer – underground tunnel that carries off drainage and waste matter from house
• Soil Pipe – discharge of water closet (toilets)
• Riser – extends vertically
• Stack – vertical main
• Trap – prevent back passage or back flow of air

• Vent System – provide circulation of air
• Waste Pipe – conveys liquid waste from fixture
• Water Supply – carries water under pressure
• Drain Water System – begins at fixtures and appliances
• Vents System – provide way for sewer gas to escape

HOUSEHOLD WATER SUPPLY

• House Service – pipe connection from public water main to any source of water supply
• Riser – extends upward from one floor to next
• Branches – horizontal pipes that serves faucets or fixtures

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PLUMBING MATERIALS

1. Pipes
2. Fittings
3. Valves

Pipes

• Rigid Type
• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
• Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)
• Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (uPVC)
• Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
• Styrene Rubber Plastic (SR)
• Flexible Type
• Polyethylene (PE)
• Polybutylene (PB)

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Type of Pipes

• Copper – most common in house plumbing
• Stainless steel tube – used in marine environment
• Galvanized Iron Pipe (G.I) – carry water into home from well
• Cast Iron Pipe and Fittings – used as flanged in water main system and water service pipes
• Concrete Pipes – for sewer purpose
• Plastic – for drains and usually for white and gray water

Fittings

• Used to connect and reduce pipelines
• Kinds of pipe fittings;
• Elbow > change direction
• Coupling > connect shafts at their end
• Bushing > inserted to one pipe and allow to screw another smaller pipe
• Union > connect shafts quickly and conveniently
• Plug > cap end, insert in end of tube
• Cap > covers the end of pipe
• Reducer > connect larger pipe to smaller pipe
• Nipple > used for extension from fitting
• Tee
• Wye

Valves

• Control flow of water through pipes
• Types of valves
• Gate > allows maximum flow of water
• Globe > slow down flow of water
• Check > prevent backflow of water
• Angle > control water supply in lavatory, sink, tub
• Float > control water supply inside tank

Trap

• Prevent backflow of gasses
• Plumbing Code on Traps

“ Every trap shall be self-cleaning trap for bath tubs, lavatories, sink and other similar fixtures”

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• Plumbing Tools
1. Wrenches – tighten or loosening
2. Pipe cutter (plastic) and Hacksaw (metal)
3. Threader – teeth on pipes
4. Pipe vise – for cutting, threading and reaming pipe
5. Pliers
6. Blow torch and Propane torch

Water Supply System

• Consist of;
• water service pipe
• water distributing pipes and
• necessary connecting pipes

Types of Sewage Disposal System

• Cesspool
• Hole in ground w/ stones and bricks.
• Allow contaminated sewage to leach into under surface of ground
• Privy
• Concrete vault with wooden shelter for collecting raw sewage
• Septic Tank
• Vault used to collect organic waste from house drain
• Public Sewer Line
• Conveys raw sewage from buildings and houses to disposal system

• SEPTIC TANK
• Sludge – semi liquid at the bottom
• Scum – floating substances

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Two Processes in Septic Tank

• Sedimentation – decomposition in upper portion of tank (with scum)
• Anaerobic decomposition – accumulated sludge at the bottom of tank

• Good waste pipe installation;
• Right location of the cleanout
• Proper fitting and joining of pipes
• Correct slope of the pipelines

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TYPES OF WASTE

• Solid waste – discharge from water closet (toilet)
• Liquid waste – from sink, lavatories etc.

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TYPES OF DRAINAGE PIPING

• Soil Pipe – waste from water closet
• Waste Pipe – waste from various fixtures other than water closet

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• REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6541 NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

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Chapter 5.02 – SANITATION SECTION 5.02.01:

General Provision All buildings hereafter erected for human habitation should be provided with plumbing facilities installed in conformity with the National Plumbing Code adopted and promulgated by the National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines pursuant to Republic Act 1378, otherwise known as the "Plumbing Law“.

1. Establish standards that will protect the health of the community. Faulty plumbing is a serious health hazard.

2. Codes have always varied widely from place to place.

3. With the increasing standardization of equipment and materials, plumbing codes in different areas of the country are tending more and more toward uniformly,

4. There is by no means a single plumbing code. Organizations are at work encouraging the adoption of a uniform, nationwide plumbing code.

5. Most obvious variations in code have to do with climate-pipes in underground (to prevent freezing).

6. Plastic piping, still a relative new comer in the industry, is not accepted uniformly throughout the country.

7. Regulations concerning it may vary; some places don’t allow its use at all.

8. Improvements in the materials and an increasing amount of experience with plastic piping seem to indicate that more uniform regulations can be expected.

9. Since changes will always occur- in materials, in methods of joining pipes – an absolutely current plumbing code will never be possible.

10. Every home plumber should have a copy of the local code. (Get this from the building inspector’s office; cost is usually low.)

11. When you do any plumbing, check the code first. If the material you’re planning to use isn’t mentioned in the code, check with the building inspector.

12. Some plumbing codes prevent anyone but a licensed plumber from doing certain kinds of work.

13. Most codes, allow homeowners to do all plumbing work in homes they own and live in.

14. Check your code before you begin any work.

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• Common Plumbing Symbols

• Plumbing (RA 1378)
• Plumbing is the art and science of installing pipes, fixtures and other apparatus to convey and supply water in buildings and to dispose and discharge waste water in a safe, orderly, healthy and sanitary way.
• Plumbing designs and installations are governed by a set of rules prescribed by the National Plumbing Code.
• Republic Act 1378, otherwise known as the "Plumbing Law".

• Plumbing (Purpose of the Code)
• Establish standards that will protect the health of the community. Faulty plumbing is a serious health hazard.
• With the increasing standardization of equipment and materials, plumbing codes in different areas of the country are tending more and more toward uniformity

• Cleanout be installed in the pipe system to facilitate troubleshooting in case of stoppage of flow
• Any structure with a house drain installed, must have at least one soil stack or stack vent extended full size above the roof.
• Not less than 3” or 75mm diameter, no less than 2 m above the roof if the roof is used other than protection from the elements of weather

• The ideal position of horizontal pipe, were those installed at 2% slope. 2 cm per 1 meter length, a 3 meters pipe will have inclination of 3x2=6 cm.
• The house drain shall be provided with adequate number of cleanouts to facilitate troubleshooting or cleaning in case of stoppage or flow. Every 20 m space

BLESSING NOTES

• Person who installs pipes – Plumber
• Showers, lavatories, bath tubs and sink – Plumbing Fixtures
• Required by the National Plumbing Code EXCEPT, There should be no ventilation pipe to avoid exposure of bad odor
• Faulty plumbing may cause, Serious health hazard

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• Pipe that conveys waste other than from the water closet, Waste pipe
• Prevent siphonage or backflow of the water – Vent pipe
• Ideal size of the pipe – Not less than 3” or 75 mm diameter
• Commonly used plastic pipe, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
• Septic tank collect organic waste discharge

• Septic tank is ideal in a family with 6 members – 1.3 cu.m.
• Septic tank is ideal in a family with 9 members – 1.95 cu.m.
• Decomposition in the upper portion of the septic tank, Sedimentation
• Minimum distance of the tank to the nearest source of water, 100 meters
• Threader making teeth on pipes

• Teflon tape used to seal
• G.I. pipe – hacksaw
• Pipe Wrench tighten or loosen
• Trap prevent the back passage of air
• Connect smaller pipe from a larger pipe, Reducer
• Connect fixed pipe and fixtures, Union fitting
• Plumbum – latin word for Lead

• Adjustable wrench – tighten or loosen bolts and nuts
• Pipe wrench – tighten or loosen pipe
• Pump – move fluid
• Pipe made of concrete and usually use for sewer – Soil pipes
• System of pipes and drains installed for the purpose of distribution – Plumbing System
• Avoid the sewer gases to build up pressure – Venting System

• Drainpipes connections are lead away from all fixtures at a certain calculated slope of, ¼ per ft.
• Use for making flanged, cast iron
• Venting system facilitate the flow of sewer gases and, solid and water disposal
• Copper – reliability and durability
• Used in conjunctions, Sealants
• plumbing local code – Building inspector’s

• Galvanized – 1960
• Type of joints is generally used on large-diameter pipes – Flanged
• Compressions fittings – Jointing polyethylene
• Most corrosion- resistant, Stainless steel tube
• Shape and position of a trap retains water that serves as an, Effective seal

• Increasing standardization of Plumbing codes, equipment and materials
• improvements of the plastic materials in plumbing, uniform regulations can be expected
• Sludge accumulated at the bottom
• Sewer underground tunnel

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• Prevent backflow of water – Check valve
• Ball valve – can be closed or opened
• schedule 40 pipe, Thicker than schedule 20
• NOT required by the National Plumbing Code, No vent pipe is needed.
• Cleanout, purposes of troubleshooting in case of stoppage of flow
• Plastic pipes are commonly used – PVC�

• Connected for each faucet, toilet, and fixtures, Fixture shutoffs
• Plumber's snake, Metal with semi-rigid auger
• Toilet has trouble – plunger
• gripping large pipes and irregular objects, chain wrench
• Holding tool when cutting pipes, Yoke vise
• Hold pipe by hand, Vise grip�

• Good plumbing practices, EXCEPT – excessive water consumption
• Back flow, being forced back
• examples of plumbing fixtures, EXCEPT, drainage
• NOT true about plumbing standards, Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted to use the maximum quantity of water consistent with proper performance and cleaning.�

• Toxic substance, Hazardous to human health
• best describes a toilet bowl, The Box Type compartment holding water for flushing the toilet
• Plumbing ventilation means, carry sewer gas out and relieve pressure of the drainage system
• Down spout, Rainwater from the roof down to the ground

• Inside building the diameter of pipes – 0.5 inch
• Portable water travel – Galvanized pipes
• System has leak – Gate valve
• Shut off the flow of water just 90 degrees turn, Globe valve
• Fitted with a male adopter, Cap
• Fitted with a female adopter, Plug
• PVC pipes can be installed in a 7.50 meter – 2.5 pcs

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• Coupling, connect two length of pipes
• Leaking in the water supply of lavatory, sink, and water close – Angle valve
• Source of potable water, minimum safe distance from the septic tank – 15 meters
• Supply water for public use, minimum meter radius from a well to the residences – 100 meters
• Standard length of a PVC pipe 10 ft.�

• Standard length of a G.I. pipe – 6 ft.
• Standard length of a PVC pipe – 3.0 m
• Plumbing fixtures must have P-trap, EXCEPT, water closet
• Size of house drain – surge flow rate from shower
• House sewer, conveys discharge to public sewer
• Water Reservoir – supply (dam)

• Water distribution – distributor (Maynilad, Manila water, Water district)
• Main water pipe – system of pipes
• Water service pipe – water from service to plumbing fixtures
• Below atmospheric pressure – Gate valve
• Water heaters – Anti vacuum
• Radiator valve, self regluating – Calorifer
• Protect tank from pressure - Vacuum

• Needle – nose pliers – cutting, holding
• Combination pliers – grip, cut, twist
• Side – cutting pliers – cutting edges
• Tongue – and – groove plier – loosen and tighten faucets
• Sin clogs up – P-Trap
• Water closet – J bend
• First step in laundry tub, Level the stand
• Bend copper without kinking, expose to heat

• First step in lavatory, water closet
• National Plumbing Code, EXCEPT – to enhance siphoning of water