Lessons 1 & 2 - The Solar System and Stars
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
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Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
Print slides 2 & 3 (Could also print solar system handout)
Video to put on Google classroom
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
P16, Lessons 1 and 2 - The Solar System and Stars
First task, answer in your book:
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
P16, Lessons 1 and 2 - The Solar System and Stars
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
P16, Lessons 1 and 2 - The Solar System and Stars
Learning objectives:
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
The Solar System
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
The Solar System
Our Solar System is part of the Milky Way galaxy.
It consists of:
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
Formation of the Solar System
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
Do we have any evidence that this happened?
Yes we do!
The heaviest naturally occurring element is uranium (atomic number 92). The heaviest element which can be formed inside a star through the process of fusion is iron (atomic number 26). Heavier elements are formed when stars explode, a supernova.
The presence of uranium on Earth is evidence that our solar system formed from the remnants of a supernova.
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
The creation of the Sun
The Sun formed billions of years ago from clouds of dust and gas (nebula) pulled together by gravitational attraction.
The clouds merge together and become more and more concentrated to form a protostar (a star-to-be)
Fact: The Sun is about 5000 million years old and will probably continue to shine for another 5000 million years.
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
Put these statements in the correct order to describe the birth of the Sun
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
The birth of the Sun - Check your answers
2. The particles in the clouds are pulled together by their own gravitational attraction, so the particles speed up.
6. The clouds merge together and become more and more concentrated to form a protostar (a star-to-be).
1. As it becomes denser, the particles speed up and collide more - temperature increases.
4. Once hot enough, the nuclei of hydrogen atoms fuse together, forming helium nuclei.
3. This fusion releases energy, so it gets hotter and brighter and starts to shine.
5. A star is born!
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
The Sun
Our Sun is a main sequence star because it is in the main stage of the life cycle of a star.
It can maintain its energy output for millions of years, until there are no more hydrogen nuclei to fuse together.
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
Why do stars shine?
The energy released from fusion in the core of a star keeps the core hot and fusion continues.
The star emits gamma radiation in all directions.
The star is stable because the forces within it are balanced (equilibrium):
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
Complete the exam question in your book
4 marks
Exam technique: This is a 4 mark question so you must make 4 separate points to gain full marks.
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
Check
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
The Life Cycle of Stars
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
The Life Cycle of Stars
When a star runs out of hydrogen nuclei to fuse together, it reaches the end of its main sequence stage.
Its core collapses and its outer layers swell out.
The life cycle events are determined by the size of the star.
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
The Life Cycle of Stars
Annotate your diagram with the information on the next slide
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
Stars of similar size or smaller than the Sun
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
Annotate your diagram with the new information
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
Stars bigger than the Sun
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
To summarise
Giant cloud of dust and gas that gets pulled together by gravity.
The mass of this protostar determines its ultimate fate.
Main sequence star - fusing hydrogen to make helium
Star starts to fuse elements up to iron depending on initial mass
Massive release of energy
Lighter elements drift off into space
Hot remnant of the heaviest elements - eventually it cools, stops emitting EM radiation and becomes a black dwarf
Very dense remains of the largest stars.
These have huge gravitational fields and can cause other stars to orbit them
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
Formed by nuclear fusion in main sequence stars
Formed by nuclear fusion in red supergiants
Formed by nuclear fusion during supernova explosions
You are (mostly) made of atoms formed in stars!
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
Crab nebula
- exploded in 11th century
Betelgeuse is a star in the constellation Orion. It is a red supergiant about 700 million times the volume of our Sun.
Betelgeuse will go supernova at some point in the future.
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
What will happen when Betelgeuse goes supernova?
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
Check your notes:
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
Logos / symbols
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star
Red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, supernova, neutron star