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Making Maps in ArcGIS

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A brief introduction to

�Cartography

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Jeff Jenness

jeffj@jennessent.com (928) 607-4638

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Cartographic Trivia!

The strange case of Agloe, New York…

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Along with his employee Ernest Alpers, made up the name Agloe

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Otto G. Lindberg

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https://exploringupstate.com/town-never-existed-agloe-ny/

The strange case of Agloe, New York…

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Along with his employee Ernest Alpers, made up the name Agloe

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Otto G. Lindberg

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https://exploringupstate.com/town-never-existed-agloe-ny/

The strange case of Agloe, New York…

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Along with his employee Ernest Alpers, made up the name Agloe

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Otto G. Lindberg

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https://exploringupstate.com/town-never-existed-agloe-ny/

The strange case of Agloe, New York…

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Main Topics

  • Common Map Components

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Main Topics

  • Common Map Components

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  • How to make maps in ArcGIS Pro

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Main Topics

  • Common Map Components

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  • How to make maps in ArcGIS Pro

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  • A few good data sources

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Main Topics

  • Common Map Components

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  • How to make maps in ArcGIS Pro

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  • A few good data sources

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  • A few good professional sources

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Common Map Components�Although these are not hard-and-fast rules!

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Common Map Components�Although these are not hard-and-fast rules!

  • Scale

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Common Map Components�Although these are not hard-and-fast rules!

  • Scale
  • Legend

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Common Map Components�Although these are not hard-and-fast rules!

  • Scale
  • Legend
  • North Arrow

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Common Map Components�Although these are not hard-and-fast rules!

  • Scale
  • Legend
  • North Arrow
  • Reference Map

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Common Map Components�Although these are not hard-and-fast rules!

  • Scale
  • Legend
  • North Arrow
  • Reference Map
  • Title

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Common Map Components�Although these are not hard-and-fast rules!

  • Scale
  • Legend
  • North Arrow
  • Reference Map
  • Title
  • AOI: Area of Interest

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Common Map Components�Although these are not hard-and-fast rules!

  • Scale
  • Legend
  • North Arrow
  • Reference Map
  • Title
  • AOI: Area of Interest
  • Projection and Datum

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Common Map Components�Although these are not hard-and-fast rules!

  • Scale
  • Legend
  • North Arrow
  • Reference Map
  • Title
  • AOI: Area of Interest
  • Projection and Datum

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  • Grids or Graticules

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Common Map Components�Although these are not hard-and-fast rules!

  • Scale
  • Legend
  • North Arrow
  • Reference Map
  • Title
  • AOI: Area of Interest
  • Projection and Datum

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  • Grids or Graticules
  • Date

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Common Map Components�Although these are not hard-and-fast rules!

  • Scale
  • Legend
  • North Arrow
  • Reference Map
  • Title
  • AOI: Area of Interest
  • Projection and Datum

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  • Grids or Graticules
  • Date
  • Author

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Common Map Components�Although these are not hard-and-fast rules!

  • Scale
  • Legend
  • North Arrow
  • Reference Map
  • Title
  • AOI: Area of Interest
  • Projection and Datum

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  • Grids or Graticules
  • Date
  • Author
  • Logo or other graphics

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Common Map Components�Although these are not hard-and-fast rules!

  • Scale
  • Legend
  • North Arrow
  • Reference Map
  • Title
  • AOI: Area of Interest
  • Projection and Datum

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  • Grids or Graticules
  • Date
  • Author
  • Logo or other graphics
  • Descriptive text

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Common Map Components�Although these are not hard-and-fast rules!

  • Scale
  • Legend
  • North Arrow
  • Reference Map
  • Title
  • AOI: Area of Interest
  • Projection and Datum

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  • Grids or Graticules
  • Date
  • Author
  • Logo or other graphics
  • Descriptive text
  • Data Sources, Citations

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Common Map Components�Although these are not hard-and-fast rules!

  • Scale
  • Legend
  • North Arrow
  • Reference Map
  • Title
  • AOI: Area of Interest
  • Projection and Datum

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  • Grids or Graticules
  • Date
  • Author
  • Logo or other graphics
  • Descriptive text
  • Data Sources, Citations
  • Graphs, Tables, Reports

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“Map-making had never been a precise art on the Discworld. People tended to start off with good intentions and then get so carried away with the spouting whales, monsters, waves and other twiddly bits of cartographic furniture that they often forgot to put the boring mountains and rivers in at all.”

Terry Pratchett, Moving Pictures

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Grid and AOI (Area of Interest)

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AOI�(Area of Interest)��A Mexican spotted owl found nearly 300 miles away from where we captured and banded it

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I am told there are people who do not care for maps, and find it hard to believe. The names, the shapes of the woodlands, the courses of the roads and rivers, the prehistoric footsteps of man still distinctly traceable up hill and down dale, the mills and the ruins, the ponds and the ferries, perhaps the standing stone or the druidic circle on the heath; here is an inexhaustible fund of interest for any man with eyes to see or twopence-worth of imagination to understand with.

Robert Louis Stephenson

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AOI

�The Rio de Flag watershed���Slightly over 200 square miles

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  • Clip to AOI based on feature layer

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  • Define irregular polygons to fill with text

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  • Scale, Legend and North Arrow will adjust automatically if you change the map

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Reference Lines on your Map

  • Three Types of Grids: Easy to Make in ArcGIS Pro:

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Reference Lines on your Map

  • Three Types of Grids: Easy to Make in ArcGIS Pro:
    • Graticules: Follow Latitude and Longitude

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Reference Lines on your Map

  • Three Types of Grids: Easy to Make in ArcGIS Pro:
    • Graticules: Follow Latitude and Longitude
    • Measured Grids: Follow Projected Coordinate Systems

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Reference Lines on your Map

  • Three Types of Grids: Easy to Make in ArcGIS Pro:
    • Graticules: Follow Latitude and Longitude
    • Measured Grids: Follow Projected Coordinate Systems
    • Reference Grids: Create arbitrary tiles on map

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Reference Lines on your Map

  • Three Types of Grids: Easy to Make in ArcGIS Pro:
    • Graticules: Follow Latitude and Longitude
    • Measured Grids: Follow Projected Coordinate Systems
    • Reference Grids: Create arbitrary tiles on map

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  • Not a Grid: Difficult to make in ArcGIS Pro
    • Rhumb Lines: Lines of constant bearing
      • Mostly seen in ancient maps. These lines helped cartographers draw accurate maps.

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Rhumb Lines�

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Rhumb Lines�

  • Lines follow a constant bearing

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Rhumb Lines�

  • Lines follow a constant bearing
  • Used to help ancient cartographers draw accurate maps

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Rhumb Lines�

  • Lines follow a constant bearing
  • Used to help ancient cartographers draw accurate maps
  • We don’t really use these anymore. Mostly of historical interest.

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Rhumb Lines�

  • Lines follow a constant bearing
  • Used to help ancient cartographers draw accurate maps
  • We don’t really use these anymore. Mostly of historical interest.
  • It would be very difficult to recreate these in ArcGIS Pro. You would need to code a custom tool.

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Multiple Maps to Tell a Single Story

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Fun with Inset maps

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Fun with Inset maps

Road atlases use this method a lot.

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Fun with Inset maps

“A map is the greatest of all epic poems. Its lines and colors show the realization of great dreams.”

Gilbert H. Grosvenor

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Exceptions to the Rules:

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Exceptions to the Rules:

  • Scale may be inappropriate if it varies a lot over the extent of the map.

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Exceptions to the Rules:

  • Scale may be inappropriate if it varies a lot over the extent of the map.
  • North arrows are often skipped because we expect maps to be oriented with north at the top.

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Exceptions to the Rules:

  • Scale may be inappropriate if it varies a lot over the extent of the map.
  • North arrows are often skipped because we expect maps to be oriented with north at the top.
    • Definitely add a north arrow if north is in any other direction!

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Sometimes angle to North varies…

“I have an existential map. It has ‘You are here’ written all over it.”

Steven Wright

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“Maps encourage boldness. They're like cryptic love letters. They make anything seem possible.”

Mark Jenkins, “To Timbuktu”

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Sometimes the map can just be a graphic that adds flavor to something else. This map was only used as a poster background.

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“A good map is both a useful tool and a magic carpet to far away places.”

Nelson Bryant

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  • One of my favorite maps!
  • Called “A New Yorker’s View of the World”
  • Really doesn’t have any of the standard map elements, but it definitely tells a geographic story.
  • You could easily redo this map for different communities, though (and lots of people have!)

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A few guidelines

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A few guidelines

  • The main feature in your map should be largest.

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A few guidelines

  • The main feature in your map should be largest.
  • Expect most of our audience to read your map from left-to-right, and from top-to-bottom.

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A few guidelines

  • The main feature in your map should be largest.
  • Expect most of our audience to read your map from left-to-right, and from top-to-bottom.
    • In Iran, Israel and Arab countries, we might make it more right-to-left.

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A few guidelines

  • The main feature in your map should be largest.
  • Expect most of our audience to read your map from left-to-right, and from top-to-bottom.
    • In Iran, Israel and Arab countries, we might make it more right-to-left.
    • In China, Japan or Korea, we might design the map to be read primarily top-to-bottom, and secondarily right-to-left.

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A few guidelines

  • The main feature in your map should be largest.
  • Expect most of our audience to read your map from left-to-right, and from top-to-bottom.
    • In Iran, Israel and Arab countries, we might make it more right-to-left.
    • In China, Japan or Korea, we might design the map to be read primarily top-to-bottom, and secondarily right-to-left.
  • Try to use colors that make sense. Don’t map riparian areas or water sources in red, for example.

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A Note on Color Blindness…

  • Nearly 10% of the population has some level of color blindness!

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Be careful with red-to-green color ramps!

  • Just a reminder that nearly 10% of people have some form of color-blindness.

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Aerial and Satellite photography is often fun to play with and sometimes useful to map, but it can also tend to blind you with too much detail.

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“The more accurate the map, the more it resembles the territory. The most accurate map possible would be the territory, and thus would be perfectly accurate and perfectly useless.”

Neil Gaiman, American Gods

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Issue with Esri Basemaps

  • They often do not export at very high resolution, even if you set a high DPI value. Your printed map
  • ends up very pixelated.

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Solution is to make your layout page larger. If you want an 8.5 x 11 map, try doubling the layout size to 17 x 22 and then shrinking the exported map image in image-editing software like Photoshop.

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Making Maps in ArcGIS Pro

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Making Maps in ArcGIS Pro

  • Start with the Layout.

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Making Maps in ArcGIS Pro

  • Start with the Layout.
  • Each Map in your ArcGIS Pro Project can be added as a separate map in the layout.

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Making Maps in ArcGIS Pro

  • Start with the Layout.
  • Each Map in your ArcGIS Pro Project can be added as a separate map in the layout.
  • Any scales, legends, north arrows, grids and dynamic text boxes in your layout are linked to a single Map.

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Making Maps in ArcGIS Pro

  • Start with the Layout.
  • Each Map in your ArcGIS Pro Project can be added as a separate map in the layout.
  • Any scales, legends, north arrows, grids and dynamic text boxes in your layout are linked to a single Map.
    • You can have multiple scales, legends and north arrows in your layout if you want. They can all link to the same map or to different maps.

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Making Maps in ArcGIS Pro

  • Start with the Layout.
  • Each Map in your ArcGIS Pro Project can be added as a separate map in the layout.
  • Any scales, legends, north arrows, grids and dynamic text boxes in your layout are linked to a single Map.
    • You can have multiple scales, legends and north arrows in your layout if you want. They can all link to the same map or to different maps.
    • Not unusual for a single map to have two scalebars: One in miles and the other in kilometers.

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Adding map elements is easy

  • When adding objects that are linked to a map, make sure the correct map is active first!

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Automatic Basemap Service Layer Credits

  • New with ArcGIS 10.1
  • They are not universally popular.

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Automatic Basemap Service Layer Credits

  • If you like them, then by all means keep them!

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Automatic Basemap Service Layer Credits

  • If you like them, then by all means keep them!
    • They are a great way to give the source of background maps, which are often difficult to cite.

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Automatic Basemap Service Layer Credits

  • If you like them, then by all means keep them!
    • They are a great way to give the source of background maps, which are often difficult to cite.
  • You might not want them on your map, though. You can’t get rid of them completely, but you can turn them into a graphic element that you can drag off your map.

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Automatic Basemap Service Layer Credits

  • If you like them, then by all means keep them!
    • They are a great way to give the source of background maps, which are often difficult to cite.
  • You might not want them on your map, though. You can’t get rid of them completely, but you can turn them into a graphic element that you can drag off your map.
  • Simply add the Dynamic Text map element named Service Layer Credits

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Automatic Basemap Service Layer Credits

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Automatic Basemap Service Layer Credits

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A Few Good Data Sources

  • NED: National Elevation Dataset and The National Map

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  • USGS Earth Explorer
    • Requires you to log in; no fee for this
    • Lots of remote sensing imagery
    • http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/

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  • USFS Region 3 data (shortened link below)
    • http://tinyurl.com/8dhq9eu

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  • FSGeodata Clearinghouse

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  • Fire Severity and History Data
    • BAER: Burned Area Emergency Response
    • MTBS: Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity
      • http://www.mtbs.gov/
    • USGS Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center
    • RAVG: Rapid Assessment of Vegetation Condition after Wildfire

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  • LANDFIRE; Lots of vegetation, habitat, fire data
    • https://www.landfire.gov/
    • Note: LANDFIRE tends to become unavailable when the government shuts down.

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Another Class:

  • For those who enjoy GIS and want to become more skilled at GIS in Incident Management, take a look at the National Wildland Fire Training course S-341, “GIS Specialist for Incident Management”.

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  • I haven’t taken this course but it looks good!

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Other Resources

  • Esri Forestry GIS group

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  • The Wildlife Society has a GIS Working Group
    • SETWG: Spatial Ecology and Telemetry Working Group
    • https://wildlife.org/setwg/

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  • Society for Conservation GIS
    • https://www.scgis.org/

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Other Resources

  • Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Societies

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    • ASPRS: American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
      • http://www.asprs.org/

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    • ISPRS: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
      • http://www.isprs.org/

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Other Resources

  • Cartography Professional Societies

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    • NACIS: North American Cartographic Information Society
      • http://www.nacis.org/

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    • ICA/ACI: International Cartographic Association
      • http://icaci.org/

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    • CaGIS: Cartography and Geographic Information Society
      • http://www.cartogis.org/

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