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Compulsive Exercise & The Safe Return to Movement and Sport

Sarah Archer, LMFT, Clinical Director

Align Residential Treatment Center

www.aligneatingdisorder.com

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Sarah Archer, LMFT, �Clinical Director, �Align Residential Treatment Center

Sarah Archer LMFT, has been working with adolescents, teens and their families for over 15 years as a behavioral coach, individual and family therapist. Transitioning from Rady Children’s Hospital, Sarah has served as the Program Manager to the UCSD Adolescent Eating Disorder Program for over 10 years. While in addition to providing clinical services, she managed all program admissions, served as the San Diego Unified School District Liaison, trained and supervised staff in Evidence Based Practices and served as Lead of Adolescent Athletic Programming. 

Sarah Archer received her Master’s in Marriage and Family Therapy from University of San Diego in 2005.  She has served as an Adjunct Professor at USD teaching Family Counseling to Graduate Students in 2019 and 2020 and for the past 6 years has been a guest lecturer at UCSD for the undergraduate eating disorder seminar. In 2019 she Co-Founded CounSEL, an animated video-based program teaching adolescents and teens evidence-based coping skills and has served over 30,000 students throughout California.

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�Why is this important for Caregivers to know?�

DEX post Tx 2nd Highest Predictor of Relapse

Youth Sports

Movement encouraged medical / mental health

PE / Mandated Movement in School

Family Culture / Joyful Movement

Peer Culture

RED-S

Motivation & Vulnerability for Recovery

athletes_web.pdf (nationaleatingdisorders.org)

(Galli, Petrie, Reel, & Chatterton, 2014)

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Hop

Dysfunctional Exercise (DEX)

Quantity of Exercise

Compulsivity / Rigidity

Incidental Movement

Exercise Motivation

Compulsive Exercise Affects up to 4 out of 5 individuals with Eating Disorders

Hopkins et al., 2023

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Addressing DEX in Treatment

  • Often the first presenting and last remaining ED symptom
  • If not addressed in treatment, it is linked to:
    • Worsening ED symptoms
    • Poorer quality of life
    • Longer hospital stays
    • Illness chronicity
    • Greater risk of relapse

Hopkins et al., 2023

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The Compulsive Exercise Test (CET)

  • Measure of problematic exercise
  • Developed specifically for use in eating disorders research and assessment
  • Designed to assess the core features of excessive exercise in the eating disorders;
    • Compulsivity
    • Affect regulation
    • Weight and shape driven exercise
    • Exercise rigidity

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RTC Group Curriculum

Psychoeducation of Female Athlete Triad

Effects of ED on Sport

Good Athlete and ED patient

Personality traits of athletes and Athlete Myths

Stress management, PMR, visualization & Performance Anxiety

Nutrition: Caloric Needs

Returning to Sport: Challenges and Goal Setting

Stress Management, Thought distortions and reframing

Self-Monitoring: Exercise and intake

Self Esteem: Realistic vs Unrealististic expectations

Interpersonal Effectiveness: With Coaches, Teammates, and Support

Relapse Prevention

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Safe Exercise at Every Stage (SEES) Principles

Nonabstinence

Safety

Taking a holistic perspective to understand one's relationship with activity

Promoting intuitive and mindful movement

Collaboration among the treatment team, patient, and their loved ones

Hopkins et al., 2023

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How do I know if it’s the eating the disorder or joyful/competitive movement?

  • When did the sport/movement begin?
  • Willingness to follow protocol?
  • Behavior before/during/after?
  • Is it the only way they will eat?
  • Is it their primary/only coping skill?

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First Things First: Is my child ready for movement?

Medical

85% IBW

Stable Vitals

Heart and Bones

ED behaviors

Motivation

Is it a priority

Safety issues

Willingness

Supervision

Refuel

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How do we create a safe movement plan with our treatment team?

  • MD
  • Dietician
  • Therapist
  • Parents
  • Coach

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Phases of Movement Introduction

Phase

Focus

Examples

Frequency

Duration

Refuel

Considerations

1

Medical & Behavioral Stabalization

No movement due to critical need to stabalize mdically and behaviorally

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

2

Physical Stabalization

Casual walks�Yin yoga

1-2x/wk

up to 30m

N/a

N/a

3

Strength

Body Weight �Resistance Bands �Weight Training (dumbbells / KBs / BB)�Flow Yoga

1-3x/wk

up to 30m

Refuel required at all of these stages pre or post workout as prescribed by your dietician. ��During movement some clients may use Gatorade as a mid-workout refuel

If ED behaviors return or weight drops below IBW, movement will be halted and return to a former phase will be required.

4

Endurance

Dance�Swim�Skill training/technique work �Increasing pace - body weight movement �Increasing weight/resistance with strength

1-4x/wk

up to 45 m

5

Performance

Running�Tumbling passes�Full Out Sports Practice �Competition

1-5x/wk

varies by pt

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Exercise Exposure Example (Baseball player)

    • What is mindful movement?
      • Motivated by genuine interest, involves joy, and prioritizes the well-being of both your body and mind.

Check-In

    • High Knee Holds
    • Arm Swings
    • Windmills

10 min warmup

    • Reverse lunge
    • Wall ball squat
    • Resistance band chops
    • Kneeling Curl to Press

20 min strength

    • Figure four
    • Butterfly
    • Hamstring Stretch

10 min cool down

    • Chocolate milk given
    • Describe what you noticed in your body
    • Red flags/triggers?
    • What emotions came up for you?
    • Describe how it feels to refuel after moving

Refuel + Process

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“My eating disorder is strong, but as an athlete I feel stronger.”

A reason to recover

The Pros of returning to sport

Skills coaching athletes

ED and Good Athlete Parallel

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What vulnerabilities will your child face?

  • Directly challenges/triggers ED
  • Messages from coaches/teammates about food and exercise
  • Uniform vulnerabilities
  • Body Image and myths about size and performance
  • Comparison to others/past performance
  • Refuel/Meal Plan
  • Choosing Recovery- reduces ambivalence
  • Anxiety/Perfectionism
  • Social Media Messages

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How does your family system talk about exercise?

  • Can caregivers openly exercise? Siblings? How do you effectively talk about movement?

  • Child’s Identity/Role- how do they perceive themselves in the family system as an athlete? What happens if they QUIT?

  • How has the family system accommodated movement/supported their child in sport? What challenges may come up as you set boundaries?

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How can I prevent exercise from being my child’s only coping skill?

  • Structure with Movement Plan
  • Enhancing hobbies/expanding identity
  • Mandated Rest Days
  • Coping Skills
  • Modeling within the home

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Setbacks and Solutions

Weight loss

    • Benched/Restrict Movement
    • Increase calories- Dietician
    • Problem Solve/Treatment Team/FBT approach

Refusing Refuel/Supervision

    • Pause
    • Chain Analysis
    • Coach Involvement

Decision to leave sport, change sports, add additional hobbies/joyful activities

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Questions?

sarah@aligneatingdisorder.com