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�

Joko Siswanto

May 2016

DEVELOPMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEMS (MULTIVERSITY)

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Outline

Project Description
Objectives
Expected Output
Project Framework
Participants
Initial Result

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PROJECT DESCRIPTION

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PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Development and proposal for dissemination of Multiversity education system (a comprehensive professional education system)

Multiversity is a new comprehensive professional school system to foster highly talented industrial human resources capable of contributing to the further development of the ASEAN’s industry.
The long term objective of this project is to establish a nine to twelve-year education system that provides students with a comprehensive and consistent engineering course of study.
Its characteristic offers a variety of education contents that respond to the requirements derived from students’ different age and background as well as rapidly changing economic environment in the globalization.
Graduates of the Multiversity are expected to be not only competent engineers with problem-solving ability but also capable mid-level and higher-level managers who are able to bolster the collaboration between SMEs and multinational enterprises.

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OBJECTIVES

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OBJECTIVES OF MULTIVERSITY PROJECT

The Multiversity Project intends to propose a Multiversity program of Indonesia for enhancing industrial human resource development by implementing the following activities:

To research current status of professional education system in Indonesia
To produce APEN Multiversity Map (Indonesia Portion)

The objective of multiversity project closely relates to the development of a multiversity program in Indonesia by considering the educational system as well as the fundamental goal of multiversity concept.
The research of current professional education system is analysed based on the regulation perspective and the implementation perspective in order to obtain more comprehensive figure of Indonesia professional education system.

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EXPECTED OUTPUT

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EXPECTED OUTPUT

Research on professional education system in Indonesia
Multiversity Map of Indonesia

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PROJECT FRAMEWORK

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MULTIVERSITY PROJECT FRAMEWORK

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COMMITTEE/WORKING GROUPS

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COMMITTEE/WG MEMBERS (1)

Institution	Name	Title	Assignment
Institut Teknologi Bandung	Prof. Ade Sjafruddin	Dean, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering	CIS/Multiversity Project
Institut Teknologi Bandung	Dr. Joko Siswanto	Assoc. Prof., Faculty of Industrial Technology	CIS/Multiversity Project
Institut Teknologi Bandung	Dr. Biemo Woerjanto	Assoc. Prof., Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering	CIS/Multiversity Project
Institut Teknologi Bandung	Dr. Reini D. Wirahadikusumah	Assoc. Prof., Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering	CIS/Multiversity Project
Politeknik Bandung	Dr. Riawan Gunadi	Head, Master Program in Applied Infrastructure Engineering	Multiversity Project

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COMMITTEE/WG MEMBERS (2)

Institution	Name	Title	Assignment
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia	Dr. Supratman Agus	Assoc. Prof., Faculty of Technological and Vocational Education	Multiversity Project
Institut Teknologi Nasional	Dr. Herman	Assoc. Prof., Faculty of civil Engineering and Planning	Multiversity Project
Institut Teknologi Bandung	Dr. Widyarini Weningtyas	Lecturer, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering	CIS/Multiversity Project
Institut Teknologi Bandung	Dr. Febri Zukhruf	Lecturer, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering	CIS/Multiversity Project

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INITIAL RESULTS

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Initial Results

Fundamental Law of Education / Education Act applicable to professional schools including requirements for teachers, facilities, curriculum, credits for graduation, etc., (English version or English translation)
The definition of professional education institutes and its structure
The requirements for professional education institutes and current status including problems
Entrance and graduation qualification of students for the institute
The requirements of industries for professional education institutes and human resources (knowledge, abilities, competencies, )

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FUNDAMENTAL LAW OF EDUCATION / EDUCATION ACT

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Regulation related to National Education and Professions

No	Item
I	Law No. 20/2003 on National Education System (Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 Tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional)
Ii	Law No. 12/2012 on Higher Education In Indonesia (Undang-undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pendidikan Tinggi)
Iii	Law No. 14/2005 on Teachers And Higher Education Lecturers (Undang-undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2005 Tentang Guru Dan Dosen)
Iv	Law No. 11/2014 on Engineers (Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 14 Tahun 2014 Tentang Keinsinyuran)
V	Law No. 13/2003 on Labours (Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 Tentang Ketenagakerjaan)
Vi	Law No. 18/1999 Construction Services (Undang - Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 1999 Tentang Jasa Konstruksi)

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Regulation related to Primary and Secondary Education Level

No	Item
1	Government Regulation Number 32/2013 Amendment To Government Regulation Number 19/2005 on The National Education Standards. (Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 32 Tahun 2013 Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 19 Tahun 2005 Tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan)
2	Minister of Education and Culture Regulation Number 54/2013 on The Competency Standards of Graduates for Primary and Secondary School. (Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Dan Kebudayan Nomor 54 Tahun 2013 Tentang Standar Kompetensi Lulusan Pendidikan Dasar Dan Menengah)
3	Minister of Education and Culture Regulation Number 64/2013 on The Standards of Primary and Secondary School. (Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Dan Kebudayan Nomor 64 Tahun 2013 Tentang Standar Isi Pendidikan Dasar Dan Menengah)
4	Minister of Education and Culture Regulation Number 65/2013 on The Standard Process of Primary and Secondary School. (Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Dan Kebudayan Nomor 65 Tahun 2013 Tentang Standar Proses Pendidikan Dasar Dan Menengah)

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Regulation related to Primary and Secondary Education Level (cont.)

No	Item
5	Minister Of Education And Culture Regulation Number 66/2013 On The Assessment Standards Of Primary And Secondary School. (Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Dan Kebudayan Nomor 66 Tahun 2013 Tentang Standar Penilaian Pendidikan Dasar Dan Menengah)
6	Minister Of Education And Culture Regulation Number 60/2014 On The 2013 Curriculum Of Vocational Senior High School And Madrasah Aliyah. (Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Dan Kebudayan Nomor 60 Tahun 2014 Tentang Kurikulum 2013 Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan/Madrasah Aliyah Kejuruan)
7	Minister Of Education And Culture Regulation Number 103/2014 On The Learning Of Primary And Secondary School. (Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 103 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pembelajaran Pada Pendidikan Dasar Dan Pendidikan Menengah)
8	Minister Of Education And Culture Regulation Number 104/2014 On The Assessment Of Learning Result By Educator In Primary And Secondary School. (Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 104 Tahun 2014 Tentang Penilaian Hasil Belajar Oleh Pendidik Pada Pendidikan Dasar Dan Pendidikan Menengah)
9	Minister Of Education And Culture Regulation Number 70/2013 On The Framework And Basic Curriculum Structure Of Vocational Senior High School And Madrasah Aliyah. (Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 70 Tahun 2013 Tentang Kerangka Dasar Dan Struktur Kurikulum Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan/Madrasah Aliyah Kejuruan)

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Regulation related to Higher �Education Level

No	Item
1	Government Regulation Number 4/2014 On The Implementation And Management Of Higher Education. (Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 4 Tahun 2014 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Tinggi Dan Pengelolaan Perguruan Tinggi)
2	Minister Of Education And Culture Regulation Number 154/2014 On The Science And Technology Cluster And The Graduate Title Of Higher Education Degree. (Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 154 Tahun 2014 Tentang Rumpun Ilmu Pengetahuan Dan Teknologi Serta Gelar Lulusan Perguruan Tinggi)
3	Minister Of Education And Culture Regulation Number 73/2013 On The Application Of Indonesian National Qualifications Framework For Higher Education. (Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaanrepublik Indonesia Nomor 73 Tahun 2013 Tentang Penerapan Kerangka Kualifikasi Nasional Indonesia Bidang Pendidikan Tinggi)
4	President Regulation Number 8/2012 On The National Qualifications Framework Of Indonesia. (Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 2012 Tentang Kerangka Kualifikasi Nasional Indonesia)

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EDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDONESIA

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Type of Education in Indonesia

General education : the primary and secondary education level that focuses on the knowledge expansion
Vocational high school : secondary education level that prepares students for working in a particular field.
Academic education : a higher education level (i.e., undergraduate and graduate program) that concern on the mastery of specific disciplines.
Professional education : higher education after undergraduate programs for preparing students to obtain the special expertise.
Vocational higher education : aims to educate student to have a certain applied skills, which is conducted after finished secondary education.
Religious education : a primary, secondary, and high that prepare students to comprehend the religious knowledge as well as to educate student become a theologian.
Special education : held for the students with disabilities or students who have extraordinary intelligence, in which it is organized by inclusively or special education unit at the level primary and secondary education.

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Current Status of Vocational Education in Secondary Level

The vocational education is started from the secondary level, which is held by the vocational high school.
Vocational schools are available for the following areas :

technology and engineering,
health,
arts, crafts and tourism,
information and communication technologies,
agro-business and agro-technology,
business and management

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Current Status of Vocational Education in Secondary Level (cont.)

Number of vocational high school and student based on competency orientation can be seen below.

Type of Competency	Number of School	Number of Student
Light Vehicle Engineering	3,253	658,131
Computer and Network Engineering	4,112	533,778
Accounting	3,247	464,688
Office Administration	2,718	429,805
Marketing	1,566	211,197
Multi Media	1,544	191,817
Motorcycle Engineering	1,593	178,082
Mechanical Engineering	768	159,817
Software Engineering	863	105,985
Hotel Hospitality	656	97,722
Electrical Installation Engineering	728	86,535
Nurse	690	77,013
Pharmacy	596	69,671
Audio-Video	653	60,822
Fashion Design	694	58,141
Culinary	407	57,360
Agro-business	619	54,892
Built Drawing Engineering	428	45,912
Industrial Electronics	213	28,910
Tours and Travel	299	28,476

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Current Status of Vocational Education in Secondary Level (cont.)

Number of teacher in vocational high school is 186,401 in 2013/2014.
Requirements of teacher in vocational high school :

Complete the certification process,
Minimum qualification of a four-year higher education degree (such as an S1 degree) or a four-year diploma (a D4 degree).
Having competency in pedagogical, personal, professional and social aspects.

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Current Status of Vocational Education in Higher Education

Vocational education is also held in the higher level education, namely university, institute, college, polytechnic and academy. Definition for each institute can be illustrated below, in which number of college is the highest than other higher institutions.
Universities provide academic and vocational higher education in the huge number of science and technology branches, and, if eligible, universities can organize the professional education.
Institute organize the academic and vocational higher education several branches of science and / or technology and, if eligible, it can organize the professional education.
College organizes the academic education and vocational education in one branch of science and / or technologies,
Polytechnic hold the vocational higher education in various branches of science and / or technology and, if eligible, polytechnic can organise the professional education.
Academy organizes the vocational education in one or several branches of science and / or technologies.

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Lecturer of Higher Education

Number of lecturer in higher education is 253,709.
Requirements of lecturer in higher education:

Minimum qualification of a magister or applied magister education degree (a S2 degree) for undergraduate degree or diploma,
Minimum qualification of a doctoral degree (a S3 degree) for magister or applied magister degree

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Number of Higher Education Institutions in Indonesia

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Professional Education in Indonesia

Professional education is higher education after undergraduate programs for preparing students to obtain the special expertise.
Professional education can be organized in cooperation with professional association that responsible for the quality of service profession.

Specialist education is higher education after professional program directed to specialized expertise.

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Professional Education in Indonesia (cont.)

Requirement of lecturer in professional education :

Minimum qualification of magister education degree (S2) and/or graduate from professional program
Minimum working experience are 2 years.

Sample of professional education in Indonesia are doctor, pharmacist, nurse, accountant, etc

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ENTRANCE AND GRADUATION QUALIFICATION OF STUDENTS�

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Education Structure in Indonesia

Student Age	Grade	Level	Academic		Vocational				Professional
		Higher Education	Doctoral (S3)		Applied Doctoral (S3)				SP-2


			Magister (S2)		Applied Magister (S2)				SP-1

22	16		Undergraduate (S1)					D4	Profession
21	15						D3
20	14					D2
19	13				D1
18	12	Secondary Education	Islamic Senior High School (MA)	Senior High School (SMA)	Vocational High School (SMK)
17	11
16	10
15	9	Primary Education	Islamic Junior High School (MTs)	Junior High School (SMP)
14	8
13	7
12	6		Islamic Primary School (MI)	Primary School (SD)
11	5
10	4
9	3
8	2
7	1

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Education path in Indonesia

There is a guidance relating to the boundary of vocational and academic path, however the student has a possibility to change their path. For example, the student of vocational secondary school is possible to enter academic education program at universities.
The most practical condition is also found relating to the alumni of vocational higher education program (i.e., D3 and D4) who continue their study to the academic program (i.e., S1 and S2) using the extension program (see Figure).

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REQUIREMENTS OF INDUSTRIES FOR EDUCATION

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Strategy for Competence Based Human Resource Development

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Indonesian Qualification Framework (IQF)

Indonesia has recently developed the Indonesian Qualifications Framework (IQF). The IQF holds a legal endorsement in the form of Presidential Decree no. 8/2012, and addresses schooling from Year 9 to TVET and Higher Education.
Legal endorsement of the IQF in line with other laws and regulations: for example Law no. 13/2003 pertaining to manpower development, Government Regulation no. 31/2006 on the National Job Training System, and Law no. 20/2003 on the National Education System.
The IQF is a reflection on human resources quality in Indonesia. IQF acts as a neutral reference that can equalize learning outcomes resulted from formal or non-formal education, as well as learning outcomes acquired through job experiences.
At the international stages, IQF serves as a device that can recognize and translate international workforce or students qualifications to the Indonesian qualifications system.

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Equivalencies between Education and IQF

There is scheme that describes equivalencies between learning outcomes from different types of education and IQF qualification levels (See Figure).
This scheme will make it easier to ensure that graduates of educational programmes possess the right competences at the right level.

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Improving IQF Level

	SMP	SMA	D1	D2	D3	S1	PRO	S2	S3
									9
U								8
M D							7
M						6
					5
				4
			3
		2
	1
	OPERATOR			ANALYST			EXPERT

PROFESSION CERTIFICATION

Professional Association

INDUSTRIES

Career Advancement

FORMAL EDUCATION:

Academic Title

EXPERIENCE BASE

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Improving IQF Level (cont.)

The IQF consists of 9 levels, starting with level 1 as the lowest and level 9 as the highest qualification.
Each level characterized by both learning outcomes and job-specific competences.
Level qualification compiled based on formal education, training (gained through formal education, non-formal, informal), profession certification or work experience.

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National Working Competency Standards (NWCS)

National Working Competency Standard (Standar Kompetensi Kerja Nasional Indonesia/SKKNI) is formulation of workability including knowledge, skills, ability and work attitudes that are relevant to the tasks and established requirements in accordance with the provisions of the legislation.
This standard applies nationwide as a reference for the implementation of education and professional training, competence assessment and professional certification.

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NCWS in Banking Sector (Example)

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THANK YOU

Joko Siswanto

Industrial Management Research Group

Industrial Technology Faculty – ITB Indonesia

j.siswanto@ti.itb.ac.id