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GIS Concepts and ArcGIS

Jeff Jenness

jeffj@jennessent.com (928) 607-4638

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GIS is more than a map

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GIS lets you design your map exactly the way you need it to be

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GIS lets you design your map exactly the way you need it to be

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GIS lets you get data on map features

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Identify regions that meet complex criteria

Clicked Here

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Identify regions that meet complex criteria

This type of analysis is extremely common!

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Classify regions that meet complex criteria

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Find Shortest Paths

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Analyze Complicated Spatial Relationships

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Analyze Complicated Spatial Relationships

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Analyze the Shape of the Landscape

Identify Hills and Valleys

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Analyze the Shape of the Landscape

Identify Hills and Valleys
Slope and Aspect

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Analyze the Shape of the Landscape

Identify Hills and Valleys
Slope and Aspect
Landscape Ruggedness

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Analyze the Shape of the Landscape

Identify Hills and Valleys
Slope and Aspect
Landscape Ruggedness
Landscape Curvature

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Classify the landscape by slope position

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Create statistical surfaces

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Create statistical surfaces

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Create statistical surfaces

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Habitat Analysis

0°

90°

180°

270°

30°

60°

120°

150°

210°

240°

300°

330°

45

89

134

178

223

N = 5,249

Bald Eagle Night Roost Aspects

0°

90°

180°

270°

30°

60°

120°

150°

210°

240°

300°

330°

54

108

163

217

271

N = 9,991

Bald Eagle Day Location Aspects

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Identify best corridor to connect habitat patches

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Quick Note: GPS is not GIS!

GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers are a great way to collect spatial data.

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Quick Note: GPS is not GIS!

GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers are a great way to collect spatial data.

GIS (Geographic Information Systems) software is what you use to map and analyze that spatial data.

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Quick Note: GPS is not GIS!

GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers are a great way to collect spatial data.

GIS (Geographic Information Systems) software is what you use to map and analyze that spatial data.

Sometimes GPS receivers have some basic GIS functionality, like calculating the shortest route or showing a basic map.

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A Few Alternatives to ArcGIS

QGIS: Free and open-source

http://www.qgis.org/en/site/

GRASS: Geographic Resources Analysis Support System

Free and very popular
Created in the early 1980s by the US Army, Corps of Engineers.
Now open-source with developers all over the world.
http://grass.osgeo.org/

R Statistical Software has lots of GIS analytical functions now.

http://cran.at.r-project.org/web/views/Spatial.html

Manifold GIS

Not free, but a lot cheaper than ArcGIS
http://www.manifold.net/
Very enthusiastic user community

We’ll be working with ArcGIS Desktop, but “ArcGIS” actually covers a lot more.

Server is used to connect with complex geodatabases and to provide web services.
ArcGIS for smartphones, tablets and Windows Mobile provide simple GIS functions on your phone or tablet. These are usually free to download, but they have to connect with an ArcGIS Server installation somewhere.
ArcPad is a branch of ArcGIS that works as a spatial data logger, usually on a GPS device. A GPS Device with ArcPad installed allows you to collect complex spatial data out in the field (such as walking the perimeter of a timber sale area), or to easily modify attribute data from existing features (such as updating the condition of existing power lines or cell towers as you examine them). ArcPad lets you check out an existing dataset from a geodatabase (like checking out a library book), edit it out in the field, then check it back in to the geodatabase when you finish.
ArcGIS Engine is pretty much ArcGIS Desktop without the user interface. Developers can license all the internal ArcGIS objects and make their own software. It is a little cheaper to license than the full Desktop license, but it requires a good ArcObjects developer.
ArcGIS Online just came out, and lets you keep your data and tools in the “cloud”.

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QGIS (Quantum GIS)

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Image Processing Alternatives to ArcGIS

https://hexagon.com/products/erdas-imagine

https://clarklabs.org/terrset/idrisi-gis/

https://www.l3harrisgeospatial.com/Software-Technology/ENVI

IDRISI

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ArcGIS

https://www.esri.com/en-us/arcgis/about-arcgis/overview

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ArcGIS

Dominant GIS software in the industry

https://www.esri.com/en-us/arcgis/about-arcgis/overview

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ArcGIS

Dominant GIS software in the industry
Produced by Esri: Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.

https://www.esri.com/en-us/arcgis/about-arcgis/overview

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ArcGIS

Dominant GIS software in the industry
Produced by Esri: Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.
ArcGIS includes lots of components:

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ArcGIS

Dominant GIS software in the industry
Produced by Esri: Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.
ArcGIS includes lots of components:

ArcGIS Pro (sometimes called ArcGIS Desktop)

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ArcGIS

Dominant GIS software in the industry
Produced by Esri: Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.
ArcGIS includes lots of components:

ArcGIS Pro (sometimes called ArcGIS Desktop)
Previous version of ArcGIS Desktop (ArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcScene and ArcGlobe)

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ArcGIS

Dominant GIS software in the industry
Produced by Esri: Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.
ArcGIS includes lots of components:

ArcGIS Pro (sometimes called ArcGIS Desktop)
Previous version of ArcGIS Desktop (ArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcScene and ArcGlobe)
ArcGIS Enterprise

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ArcGIS

Dominant GIS software in the industry
Produced by Esri: Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.
ArcGIS includes lots of components:

ArcGIS Pro (sometimes called ArcGIS Desktop)
Previous version of ArcGIS Desktop (ArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcScene and ArcGlobe)
ArcGIS Enterprise
ArcGIS Online and Portal

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ArcGIS

Dominant GIS software in the industry
Produced by Esri: Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.
ArcGIS includes lots of components:

ArcGIS Pro (sometimes called ArcGIS Desktop)
Previous version of ArcGIS Desktop (ArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcScene and ArcGlobe)
ArcGIS Enterprise
ArcGIS Online and Portal
ArcGIS Apps

FieldMaps, Story Maps, Survey123, Drone2Map, Apps for Microsoft Products, many more…

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ArcGIS

Dominant GIS software in the industry
Produced by Esri: Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.
ArcGIS includes lots of components:

ArcGIS Pro (sometimes called ArcGIS Desktop)
Previous version of ArcGIS Desktop (ArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcScene and ArcGlobe)
ArcGIS Enterprise
ArcGIS Online and Portal
ArcGIS Apps

FieldMaps, Story Maps, Survey123, Drone2Map, Apps for Microsoft Products, many more…

ArcGIS Runtime and Developer Tools

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ArcGIS

Dominant GIS software in the industry
Produced by Esri: Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.
ArcGIS includes lots of components:

ArcGIS Pro (sometimes called ArcGIS Desktop)
Previous version of ArcGIS Desktop (ArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcScene and ArcGlobe)
ArcGIS Enterprise
ArcGIS Online and Portal
ArcGIS Apps

FieldMaps, Story Maps, Survey123, Drone2Map, Apps for Microsoft Products, many more…

ArcGIS Runtime and Developer Tools
ArcGIS Web Services (Routing, Geocoding, Basemaps, etc.)

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ArcGIS

Dominant GIS software in the industry
Produced by Esri: Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.
ArcGIS includes lots of components:

ArcGIS Pro (sometimes called ArcGIS Desktop)
Previous version of ArcGIS Desktop (ArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcScene and ArcGlobe)
ArcGIS Enterprise
ArcGIS Online and Portal
ArcGIS Apps

FieldMaps, Story Maps, Survey123, Drone2Map, Apps for Microsoft Products, many more…

ArcGIS Runtime and Developer Tools
ArcGIS Web Services (Routing, Geocoding, etc.)
And more! See http://www.esri.com/software/apps

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ArcGIS Online Example

https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/196996b25e364242bedeac00e7868ba1

Normandy: Today and 1944

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ArcGIS Online Example

https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/489da61c6991416fbb531831576c383f/

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ArcGIS Online Example

http://tinyurl.com/yck6cydy

The Camp Fire, in Paradise California (2018)

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ArcGIS Online Example

https://www.arcgis.com/apps/mapviewer/index.html?webmap=df8bcc10430f48878b01c96e907a1fc3

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ArcGIS Online Example

http://www.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=df8bcc10430f48878b01c96e907a1fc3

Some (but not all) ArcGIS Online data can be opened directly in ArcGIS Pro…

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ArcGIS Pro (aka ArcGIS Desktop)

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ArcGIS Pro (aka ArcGIS Desktop)

Three Levels:

Basic: Most commonly-used tools
Standard: Adds high-end database tools
Advanced: Adds advanced analytical and cartographic tools

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ArcGIS Pro (aka ArcGIS Desktop)

Three Levels:

Basic: Most commonly-used tools
Standard: Adds high-end database tools
Advanced: Adds advanced analytical and cartographic tools

All Toolboxes have “Toolbox Licensing” websites

https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/analysis/analysis-toolbox-license.htm

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https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/conversion/conversion-toolbox-license.htm

https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/data-management/data-management-toolbox-license.htm

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ArcGIS Pro (aka ArcGIS Desktop)

Three Levels:

Basic: Most commonly-used tools
Standard: Adds high-end database functions
Advanced: Advanced analytical and cartographic tools

All Toolboxes have “Toolbox Licensing” websites

https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/analysis/analysis-toolbox-license.htm

Help Files also tell you license levels.

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License Level

in Tool Help Files

https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/cartography/create-overpass.htm#L_

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ArcGIS Extensions

Esri Extensions: These all cost extra so your employer or business might not have them available. We have all of these available here.

Spatial Analyst: Good for raster-based topographic analysis such as slope, aspect, hillshade, curvature. Also any analysis that involves comparing or combining rasters.
3D Analyst: Good for vector-based topographic analysis such as viewsheds and 3D simulations. Includes ArcScene and ArcGlobe.
Geostatistical Analyst: Very often used for generating complex statistical predictive surfaces based on limited sample points. Lots of complex interpolation tools.
Network Analyst: Shortest routes between points, optimum route for vehicles visiting multiple locations (making deliveries, for example), dividing the landscape up into areas based on proximity to locations (service areas for ambulances, for example).

Many more extensions produced by 3^rd-party developers.

In some cases you have to turn on an extension before you can use the tools. Click the “Customize” menu, then “Extensions” to see the list of extensions that require you to turn them on separately. ArcGIS must check out a license in order to use extensions from this list.

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ArcGIS Extensions

Several available from Esri. Some useful ones are:

Esri Extensions: These all cost extra so your employer or business might not have them available. We have all of these available here.

Spatial Analyst: Good for raster-based topographic analysis such as slope, aspect, hillshade, curvature. Also any analysis that involves comparing or combining rasters.
3D Analyst: Good for vector-based topographic analysis such as viewsheds and 3D simulations. Includes ArcScene and ArcGlobe.
Geostatistical Analyst: Very often used for generating complex statistical predictive surfaces based on limited sample points. Lots of complex interpolation tools.
Network Analyst: Shortest routes between points, optimum route for vehicles visiting multiple locations (making deliveries, for example), dividing the landscape up into areas based on proximity to locations (service areas for ambulances, for example).

Many more extensions produced by 3^rd-party developers.

In some cases you have to turn on an extension before you can use the tools. Click the “Customize” menu, then “Extensions” to see the list of extensions that require you to turn them on separately. ArcGIS must check out a license in order to use extensions from this list.

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ArcGIS Extensions

Several available from Esri. Some useful ones are:

Spatial Analyst: Especially useful for raster-based analysis. We’ll be using this extension later.

Esri Extensions: These all cost extra so your employer or business might not have them available. We have all of these available here.

Spatial Analyst: Good for raster-based topographic analysis such as slope, aspect, hillshade, curvature. Also any analysis that involves comparing or combining rasters.
3D Analyst: Good for vector-based topographic analysis such as viewsheds and 3D simulations. Includes ArcScene and ArcGlobe.
Geostatistical Analyst: Very often used for generating complex statistical predictive surfaces based on limited sample points. Lots of complex interpolation tools.
Network Analyst: Shortest routes between points, optimum route for vehicles visiting multiple locations (making deliveries, for example), dividing the landscape up into areas based on proximity to locations (service areas for ambulances, for example).

Many more extensions produced by 3^rd-party developers.

In some cases you have to turn on an extension before you can use the tools. Click the “Customize” menu, then “Extensions” to see the list of extensions that require you to turn them on separately. ArcGIS must check out a license in order to use extensions from this list.

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ArcGIS Extensions

Several available from Esri. Some useful ones are:

Spatial Analyst: Especially useful for raster-based analysis. We’ll be using this extension later.
3D Analyst: Good for vector-based 3D Analysis.

Esri Extensions: These all cost extra so your employer or business might not have them available. We have all of these available here.

Spatial Analyst: Good for raster-based topographic analysis such as slope, aspect, hillshade, curvature. Also any analysis that involves comparing or combining rasters.
3D Analyst: Good for vector-based topographic analysis such as viewsheds and 3D simulations. Includes ArcScene and ArcGlobe.
Geostatistical Analyst: Very often used for generating complex statistical predictive surfaces based on limited sample points. Lots of complex interpolation tools.
Network Analyst: Shortest routes between points, optimum route for vehicles visiting multiple locations (making deliveries, for example), dividing the landscape up into areas based on proximity to locations (service areas for ambulances, for example).

Many more extensions produced by 3^rd-party developers.

In some cases you have to turn on an extension before you can use the tools. Click the “Customize” menu, then “Extensions” to see the list of extensions that require you to turn them on separately. ArcGIS must check out a license in order to use extensions from this list.

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ArcGIS Extensions

Several available from Esri. Some useful ones are:

Spatial Analyst: Especially useful for raster-based analysis. We’ll be using this extension later.
3D Analyst: Good for vector-based 3D Analysis.
Geostatistical Analyst: Good for generating complex statistical models of the landscape.

Esri Extensions: These all cost extra so your employer or business might not have them available. We have all of these available here.

Spatial Analyst: Good for raster-based topographic analysis such as slope, aspect, hillshade, curvature. Also any analysis that involves comparing or combining rasters.
3D Analyst: Good for vector-based topographic analysis such as viewsheds and 3D simulations. Includes ArcScene and ArcGlobe.
Geostatistical Analyst: Very often used for generating complex statistical predictive surfaces based on limited sample points. Lots of complex interpolation tools.
Network Analyst: Shortest routes between points, optimum route for vehicles visiting multiple locations (making deliveries, for example), dividing the landscape up into areas based on proximity to locations (service areas for ambulances, for example).

Many more extensions produced by 3^rd-party developers.

In some cases you have to turn on an extension before you can use the tools. Click the “Customize” menu, then “Extensions” to see the list of extensions that require you to turn them on separately. ArcGIS must check out a license in order to use extensions from this list.

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ArcGIS Extensions

Several available from Esri. Some useful ones are:

Spatial Analyst: Especially useful for raster-based analysis. We’ll be using this extension later.
3D Analyst: Good for vector-based 3D Analysis.
Geostatistical Analyst: Good for generating complex statistical models of the landscape.
Network Analyst: Good for finding shortest routes or most efficient service areas.

Esri Extensions: These all cost extra so your employer or business might not have them available. We have all of these available here.

Spatial Analyst: Good for raster-based topographic analysis such as slope, aspect, hillshade, curvature. Also any analysis that involves comparing or combining rasters.
3D Analyst: Good for vector-based topographic analysis such as viewsheds and 3D simulations. Includes ArcScene and ArcGlobe.
Geostatistical Analyst: Very often used for generating complex statistical predictive surfaces based on limited sample points. Lots of complex interpolation tools.
Network Analyst: Shortest routes between points, optimum route for vehicles visiting multiple locations (making deliveries, for example), dividing the landscape up into areas based on proximity to locations (service areas for ambulances, for example).

Many more extensions produced by 3^rd-party developers.

In some cases you have to turn on an extension before you can use the tools. Click the “Customize” menu, then “Extensions” to see the list of extensions that require you to turn them on separately. ArcGIS must check out a license in order to use extensions from this list.

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ArcGIS Extensions

Several available from Esri. Some useful ones are:

Spatial Analyst: Especially useful for raster-based analysis. We’ll be using this extension later.
3D Analyst: Good for vector-based 3D Analysis.
Geostatistical Analyst: Good for generating complex statistical models of the landscape.
Network Analyst: Good for finding shortest routes or most efficient service areas.

Many more available from 3^rd-party developers.

Esri Extensions: These all cost extra so your employer or business might not have them available. We have all of these available here.

Spatial Analyst: Good for raster-based topographic analysis such as slope, aspect, hillshade, curvature. Also any analysis that involves comparing or combining rasters.
3D Analyst: Good for vector-based topographic analysis such as viewsheds and 3D simulations. Includes ArcScene and ArcGlobe.
Geostatistical Analyst: Very often used for generating complex statistical predictive surfaces based on limited sample points. Lots of complex interpolation tools.
Network Analyst: Shortest routes between points, optimum route for vehicles visiting multiple locations (making deliveries, for example), dividing the landscape up into areas based on proximity to locations (service areas for ambulances, for example).

Many more extensions produced by 3^rd-party developers.

In some cases you have to turn on an extension before you can use the tools. Click the “Customize” menu, then “Extensions” to see the list of extensions that require you to turn them on separately. ArcGIS must check out a license in order to use extensions from this list.

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Extensions in ArcGIS Pro

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Extensions in ArcGIS Pro

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ArcGIS Pro Licensing

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ArcGIS Pro Licensing

Not an issue you will need to worry about at NAU or most federal agencies, but something you should be aware of.

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ArcGIS Pro Licensing

Not an issue you will need to worry about at NAU or most government agencies, but something you should be aware of.

You might run into it if you work at a smaller organization or institution.

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ArcGIS Pro Licensing

Not an issue you will need to worry about at NAU or most federal agencies, but something you should be aware of.

You might run into it if you work at a smaller organization or institution.

ArcGIS Desktop Basic, Standard and Advanced all require a license, as do most Esri extensions.

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ArcGIS Pro Licensing

Not an issue you will need to worry about at NAU or most federal agencies, but something you should be aware of.

You might run into it if you work at a smaller organization or institution.

ArcGIS Desktop Basic, Standard and Advanced all require a license, as do most Esri extensions.
The Named User system:

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ArcGIS Pro Licensing

Not an issue you will need to worry about at NAU or most federal agencies, but something you should be aware of.

You might run into it if you work at a smaller organization or institution.

ArcGIS Desktop Basic, Standard and Advanced all require a license, as do most Esri extensions.
The Named User system:

Your ArcGIS Online Administrator declares you to be a particular type of Named User with permission to run ArcGIS Pro at one of the three levels.

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ArcGIS Pro Licensing

Not an issue you will need to worry about at NAU or most federal agencies, but something you should be aware of.

You might run into it if you work at a smaller organization or institution.

ArcGIS Desktop Basic, Standard and Advanced all require a license, as do most Esri extensions.
The Named User system:

Your ArcGIS Online Administrator declares you to be a Named User with permission to run ArcGIS Pro at one of the three levels.
ArcGIS Pro then automatically checks out a license when you log in, and checks it back in when you shut ArcGIS Pro down.

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ArcGIS Pro Licensing

Not an issue you will need to worry about at NAU or most federal agencies, but something you should be aware of.

You might run into it if you work at a smaller organization or institution.

ArcGIS Desktop Basic, Standard and Advanced all require a license, as do most Esri extensions.
The Named User system:

Your ArcGIS Online Administrator declares you to be a Named User with permission to run ArcGIS Pro at one of the three levels.
ArcGIS Pro then automatically checks out a license when you log in, and checks it back in when you shut ArcGIS Pro down.
Requires access to your Administrator ArcGIS Online account!

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ArcGIS Pro Licensing

Not an issue you will need to worry about at NAU or most federal agencies, but something you should be aware of.

You might run into it if you work at a smaller organization or institution.

ArcGIS Desktop Basic, Standard and Advanced all require a license, as do most Esri extensions.
The Named User system:

Your ArcGIS Online Administrator declares you to be a Named User with permission to run ArcGIS Pro at one of the three levels.
ArcGIS Pro then automatically checks out a license when you log in, and checks it back in when you shut ArcGIS Pro down.
With Admin Permission, you can also check out license for offline use.

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ArcGIS Extension Licensing

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ArcGIS Extension Licensing

Extensions may or may not require a license.

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ArcGIS Extension Licensing

Extensions may or may not require a license.
Most Esri extensions require licenses, and therefore you may have to specifically turn on the extension using the “Licensing” window. Doing this causes ArcGIS to check the license out. If no licenses are available, ArcGIS won’t let you use the extension.

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ArcGIS Extension Licensing

Extensions may or may not require a license.
Most Esri extensions require licenses, and therefore you may have to specifically turn on the extension using the “Extensions” window. Doing this causes ArcGIS to check the license out. If no licenses are available, ArcGIS won’t let you use the extension.
Some 3^rd-party extensions require licenses, but most do not. If an extension does not require a license, you probably will not see it listed in this “Extensions” window.

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ArcGIS Add-Ins

An alternative way to load 3^rd-Party tools

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If you like, open the ArcGIS Pro Project named Wallow_Fire.aprx (in the folder “Wallow_Fire”)

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If you like, open the ArcGIS Pro Project named Wallow_Fire.aprx (in the folder “Wallow_Fire”)

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Large Scale vs. Small Scale

Larger Scale

Smaller Scale

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Large Scale vs. Small Scale

Try to avoid these terms if you can. They cause a huge amount of confusion because they are not intuitive and most people use them incorrectly.

Larger Scale

Smaller Scale

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Large Scale vs. Small Scale

Try to avoid these terms if you can. They cause a huge amount of confusion because they are not intuitive and most people use them incorrectly.

Think of it as a fraction: 1/24,000 is a larger number than 1/1,000,000, and therefore a 1:24,000 scale map is larger scale than a 1:1,000,000 scale map.

Larger Scale

Smaller Scale

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Please take a look at the video ��An Introduction to GIS using ArcGIS Pro (#3 of 3): The ArcGIS Pro Interface��at��https://youtu.be/4Ogqsr0PtX4��for a review of the general components and basic functions you’ll see in the ArcGIS Pro interface.