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DO NOW TUESDAY

  • Quietly sit down and begin work on your Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes quiz.

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  • When finished, turn your quiz in at the side cart and pick up a half sheet of paper.
  • Write everything you know about atoms on this sheet.

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  • Today’s PLAN
    • To differentiate between the subatomic particles of an atom: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
    • To explain the structure of the nucleus.
    • To discuss what the atomic mass number and atomic number represent concerning the atoms of an element.
  • Todays DO
  • We will complete foldables about the atom, atomic number, and atomic mass number as notes to put in our binders.
  • We will practice identifying the atomic number and atomic mass number. Any practice that is not completed during class will be HOMEWORK.

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Atoms

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Atoms

  • Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter.
  • EVERYTHING on Earth is made of atoms…even the air and your body.

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Atoms are made of three particles:

  • Protons (+)

​

  • Neutrons (N)

​

  • Electrons (e-)

Proton

Neutron

Electron

+

+

+

+

N

N

N

e-

e-

e-

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Protons

N

    • Protons
    • Located in the nucleus
    • Have a positive charge
    • Have a mass of one

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Neutrons

N

N

N

  • Located in the nucleus
  • Have no charge
  • Have a mass of one –similar to the proton

Neutrons

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e-

e-

Electrons

Electrons

    • are very small (have basically NO mass)
    • orbit the nucleus of the atom
    • have a negative charge
  • in a neutral atom, there are the same

number of protons and electrons

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Atom Structure

+

-

Electron

Proton

Neutron

+

-

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What force holds all the parts of an atom together?

  • It is the electromagnetic force of attraction between the positive protons in the nucleus and the negative electrons orbiting around the nucleus that holds the atom together.

🡺🡸

🡻

🡹

🡻

🡹

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Lets take a look deep inside

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Lets take a look deep inside

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Lets take a look deep inside

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Lets take a look deep inside

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+

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+

This is a Proton.

+ Charge

Mass of ONE

Identifies the atom

​

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+

This is a Proton.

+ Charge

Mass of ONE

Identifies the atom

​

N

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+

This is a Proton.

+ Charge

Mass of ONE

Identifies the atom

​

N

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+

This is a Proton.

+ Charge

Mass of ONE

Identifies the atom

​

​

N

This is a Neutron

No Charge

Mass of One

e-

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+

This is a Proton.

+ Charge

Mass of ONE

Identifies the atom

​

N

This is a Neutron.

No Charge

Mass of ONE

e-

This is an Electron.

- charge

No Mass

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Atomic Number

Elements contain one or more of the same type of atom!

All known elements can be found on the periodic table.

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  • Elements can be identified by their atomic number.
  • The atomic number is the number of PROTONS in the

atoms of an element.

  • It can be used like a social security number for people.
  • It is used to IDENTIFY the element from the

Periodic Table.

Example:

​

An element with 6 protons has an atomic number of 6 and is

the element Carbon from the Periodic Table.

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Now You Try

  • Identify the element and tell how many protons it has:

1) Atomic number 7

2) Atomic Number 20

Nitrogen: 7 protons

Calcium: 20 protons

  • Identify the element and give its atomic number.

3) 15 protons

4) 4 protons

Phosphorus: Atomic number 15

Helium: Atomic Number 4

  • Give the atomic number and number of protons.

5) Argon

6) Sulfur

Atomic number 18; 18 protons

Atomic number 16; 16 protons

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Atomic Mass Number

  • The atomic mass number includes the number of protons and neutrons, since they are the two largest particles in the atom.

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  • Since they are both located in the nucleus, the mass of the atom is located in the nucleus.

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  • Atomic Mass Number = protons + neutrons

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Using the Periodic Table

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Using the Periodic Table

2

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Using the Periodic Table

2

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Using the Periodic Table

2

Atomic Number-

identifies the element. (also the number of protons)

​

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Using the Periodic Table

2

Atomic Number-identifies the element. (also the number of protons)

​

He

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Using the Periodic Table

2

Atomic Number-identifies the element. (also the number of protons)

​

He

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Using the Periodic Table

2

Atomic Number-identifies the element. (also the number of protons)

​

He

Element symbol- gives the name of the element.

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Using the Periodic Table

2

Atomic Number-identifies the element. (also the number of protons)

​

He

Element symbol- gives the name of the element.

4

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Using the Periodic Table

2

Atomic Number-identifies the element. (also the number of protons)

​

He

Element symbol- gives the name of the element.

4

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Using the Periodic Table

2

Atomic Number-identifies the element. (also the number of protons)

He

Element symbol- gives the name of the element.

4

Atomic mass number-The number of protons + neutrons.

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Using the Periodic Table

2

Atomic Number-identifies the element. (also the number of protons)

He

Element symbol- gives the name of the element.

4

Atomic mass number-The number of protons + neutrons.

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Now You Try

For the following pictures, give the name of the element, its atomic

number, number of protons, and atomic mass number.

Beryllium

Atomic number 4

4 protons

Atomic mass number 9

Sodium

Atomic number 11

11 protons

Atomic mass number 23

Oxygen

Atomic number 8

8 protons

Atomic Mass Number 16

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Compounds contain more than one type of atom!

Example of organic compound (a compound with carbon and

hydrogen atoms):

Example of inorganic compound (a compound without carbon

and hydrogen atoms):

  • Methane (natural gas) – CH4 (1 atom of carbon and

four atoms of hydrogen)

  • Water – H2O (2 atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen)

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+

-

An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge!!

  • A particle with a neutral charge has the same number of

protons and electrons.

  • An ion does not have the same number of electrons and protons.
    • H+ - A hydrogen atom that is missing one electron.

The atom has one more proton than electron,

and must have a positive charge.

    • CO32- - Carbonate has two more electrons than protons
  • Examples of ions: