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An Introduction to Asian American & Pacific Islander (AAPI) Studies

H.E.R., a Grammy-winning artist, embraces her Black & Filipina identity, showcasing the power of Black & Asian American solidarity.

Daniel Caesar, a Canadian R&B singer-songwriter, gained fame with his soulful voice & introspective lyrics and won a Grammy for this song Best Part (2017).

ABOUT THE ARTISTS

SOURCE

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Danny Blas (he/him)

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Brian Batugo (he/him)

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LAND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

November 7, 2015 - Spanish Landing Park, San Diego, CA

Ceremony CHE’LU & Kumeyaay

Chamorro Sakman sought permission from the Kumeyaay to dock

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CULTURAL ENERGIZER

Elbow Partner:

Name 10

well-known

Asian American or Pacific Islander celebrities.

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Yuri Kochiyama

A lifelong activist who fought for civil rights, Asian American empowerment, and Black liberation, famously working alongside Malcolm X.

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Grace Lee Boggs

Philosopher and activist who dedicated her life to revolutionary change, advocating for Black power, labor rights, and community transformation.

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Richard Aoki

Japanese American activist and founding member of the Black Panther Party who provided key support in the fight for racial and social justice.

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Larry Itliong

Filipino American labor leader who played a crucial role in the Delano Grape Strike, organizing farmworkers and paving the way for the United Farm Workers movement

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ANCESTOR ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Angel “Anghet” Leon Guerrero Santos

(1959-2003)

“In 1993, Angel Leon Guerrero Santos, the spokesman for the Chamorro activist group Nasion Chamoru was invited to Hawaii to join a gathering of indigenous people who were putting the United States on trial. Native Hawaiians organized the proceedings on the 100-year anniversary of the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Santos and other people were invited to provide testimony on how their communities had been affected by US policies. At the tribunal Santos shared stories of cultural and linguistic genocide and massive land-takings to build military bases. The Chamorro people who have existed for 4,000 years were close to non-existence because of US influences and policies.”

Dr. Michael Lujan Bevacqua, Chamorro scholar and activist

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Overview

  • Terms & Problems w/ Terms
  • Geography
  • Important Dates
  • Contemporary Snapshot
  • Contemporary Issues
  • Demo Lesson: Decolonizing Pasifika
  • Q&A

Isra Shaker

Art by Kate Deciccio

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AAPI

APA

APIA

AANHPI

APIDA

APIMEDA

Who are we talking about when we say “AAPI”?

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Terms

  • Government Census Definitions – “Asian” and “Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander” based on geography.
  • Historical Grouping – Built coalitions, advocacy.
  • Terminology Debates – “AAPI” and “APA” terms are political, they are not neutral.
  • Naming Politics – “Other” in NHOPI is contested.
  • Identity & Power – Groupings evolve, tied to self-determination.

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Geography

ASIA: Borders don’t always define belonging

PASIFIKA: Land is as significant as water

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An Asian American Timeline

  • 1882 - Chinese Exclusion Act
  • 1968-1974 - Civil Rights Movement, Demand Ethnic Studies
  • 1982 - Murder of Vincent Chin
  • 2001-2010 - Post 9/11 Hate Crimes on Arab & Indian Americans
  • 2020 - Pandemic, “Chinese Virus”

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API Population

in the U.S. (US Census)

What do you notice?

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AAPI Poverty Rate (US Census)

What do you notice?

What do you wonder?

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Disaggregating AAPI data is IMPORTANT.

AAPI community is not a monolith.

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Racism is a shared reality for all Communities of Color.

Teaching about resistance and cross-racial solidarity & allyship is important.

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Anti-immigrant policies impact Asian American communities too.

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Language diversity exists within the AAPI community.

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AAPI Population

in California

What are the largest AAPI ethnic groups in California?

What counties have the highest AAPI populations?

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Ethnic Studies is local!

What do you know about the AAPI community around your school?

How can you integrate that knowledge into your classroom?

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Asian American Issues

  • Data Disaggregation
  • Asians as a Monolith
  • Pacific Islanders & Asian Americans
  • Model Minority
  • Perpetual Foreigner
  • Intergenerational Conflicts
  • Affirmative Action
  • Exotification & Sexualization of Asian Women
  • Black & White Paradigm
  • Anti-Blackness
  • Anti-Asian Violence (Stop AAPI Hate)

Amanda Ngoc Nguyen

Art by Shepard Fairey

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Post It Reflection

  1. What is a key takeaway for you?

2) What else are you wondering about?

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WANCE SESSION

Walk + Dance = Wance!!!

  1. Wance around until the music stops, then find folx close by to share with
  2. Introduce self
    1. Name, Pronouns, Grades Taught, School
    2. Share your post it responses

AAPI Spotify Playlist

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Pasifika Issues

  • Decolonization
    • Reclaiming culture
    • Reclaiming language
    • Reclaiming the environment (land and water)
    • Reclaiming art practices
    • Resistance

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Decolonizing Pasifika

by Eunice Ho & Danny Blas

The Land and the People of the Pacific Islands

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Lesson Flow

Suggested Days: 5-6 days

with Community Dialogues

Activity 1

Activity 2

Activity 3

Activity 4

Activity 6

Activity 5

Mapping, Matching (or Kahoot)

Vocab Frontloading

Home and Expert Groups: Colonization videos

7 Pillars of Colonization

Social Media Project: Celebrating Indigenous resistance

Effects of Colonization and Infographic

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7 Cs Connection

CULTIVATE

CELEBRATE

CENTER

CRITIQUE

CHALLENGE

CONNECT

CONCEPTUALIZE

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7 Cs Connection

CELEBRATE

CRITIQUE

CHALLENGE

and honor Native Peoples of the land and communities of color by providing a space to share their stories of struggle and resistance, along with their intellectual and cultural wealth

empire and its relationship to white supremacy, racism, patriarchy, cis heteropatriarchy, capitalism, ableism, anthropocentrism, and other forms of power and oppression at the intersections of our society;

imperialist/colonial hegemonic beliefs and practices on the ideological, institutional, interpersonal, and internalized levels

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Activity 1

Kahoot Background Knowledge & Mapping of the Pacific Region

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Did you know?

The terms Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia were arbitrarily coined by Jules Dumont d'Urville (1790-1842), a French explorer and naval officer, to designate what he viewed as the three main ethnic and geographical regions forming the Pacific.

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Did you know?

The term Pasifika/Pasefika has its roots in New Zealand. Pasifika means "Pacific" in many Polynesian languages. Today it refers to the Pacific Islands and Islanders. As an ethnic/racial term, it is used to describe the original peoples—inhabitants and diasporas

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Did you know?

The name Easter Island was given to the island of Rapa Nui because Dutch explorers landed on the island on Easter Sunday in 1722

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Did you know?

According to Wikipedia, the Pacific Ocean encompasses a large assortment of islands with diverse populations. As of recent estimates, the combined population of these islands is approximately 40 million.

© 2012 Nicholas Tomasello

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Did you know?

Not all Pacific Islands have warm/tropical climates. The Hawaiian Islands has five climate zones: (1) tropical, (2) dry, (3) temperate, (4) continental, (5) polar according to the Köppen climate classification system.

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Did you know?

Sweet potatoes were grown by Native Americans and Polynesians, who were separated by thousands of miles. A 2020 genetic study by Stanford researchers confirmed that these two groups had contact with each other around 1200 CE, way before Europeans arrived almost 300 years later.

Creator: Ted Aljibe|Credit: AFP/Getty Images

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Did you know?

Hōkūle‘a

A group of Hawaiian seafarers re-built an ancestral outrigger sailing vessel called the Hokule’a. To prove a theory in 1975, they sailed from Hawaii to Tahiti using indigenous methods of navigation—the stars, winds, and ocean currents as their only tools—to arrive at Tahiti. 2,626 miles

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Important to note…

In 1795, European taxonomer, Johann Blumenbach, created arbitrary racial classifications including “Caucasian, Mongolian, Malayan, Ethiopian, and American.” His ideas influenced the development of scientific racism in the 19th century.

In the same vein, “in the 1830s, a French traveler, Jules Dumont d’Urville, created the arbitrary divisions and groupings of Pacific Islanders as Melanesians, Micronesians, and Polynesians, based on alleged skin color (Melanesians) and the size and numbers of islands (Micronesians and Polynesians). Although we retain these categories, the truth about those islanders, like that of the waters they inhabit, is far more complex, varied, and nuanced than those externally imposed classifications.”

American History Unbound, Gary Okihiro

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Activity 2

Vocabulary Jam Session

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Vocab Jam Session

Melanesia

Micronesia

Polynesia

Pasefika/Pasifika

colonization

decolonization

unincorporated territory

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Instructions:

Fill out the 4 squares for the 6 vocab words

bit.ly/pacVocb

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Activity 3

Mapping Activity

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What do you think of when when you hear the phrase, “Pacific Islands”?

THINK, PAIR, SHARE

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Pacific Islands

The Pacific Islands are part of a geographic region in the Pacific Ocean consisting of three geographic groups. It is a mix of independent states, unincorporated territories, and dependent states.

Pasifika, Oceania

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Scavenger Hunt

  1. Using Google, find the names of the three Pasifika regions.
  2. Accurately trace them on your map using three different colors and label them

bit.ly/pacFacts

Extension activity:

Read more about the three region and find 3-to-5 new facts you didn’t know (at least one for each of the three regions), and record it on your map.

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Activity 4

Reading & Responding

Epeli Hauʻofa

bit.ly/PacRead

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“Our Sea of Islands”

Selected excerpts by�Epeli Hauʻofa

Reflection Questions

  1. Many people have incorrect and unfair ideas about the Pacific Islands. What are some of these ideas, and why do people think this way? Think about the history of the Pacific Islands and how they have been treated by other countries.

  1. Why does the author prefer the term “sea of islands” over “islands in a far sea”?

  1. Has this reading challenged your own perception of the Pacific Islands? How?

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Activity 5

7 Pillars of Colonization

with Image Analyses & Reflections

[SOURCE: Gage, S. 1991 Colonialism. in the Americas. Canada: VIDEA.]

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Colonization

The action or process of settling among—and establishing control over—the indigenous people of an area

What does colonization look like? What actions are involved?

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Grabbing the Land

When colonists...

  • take control of the land/territory and the natural resources
  • force the natives to work the land for free (enslavement)

dis-possession

1

REFLECTION QUESTION:

The creation of huge plantations owned by a few people might have some effect later on. Can you think of what the effect could be?

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Growing for the colonizer

  • Colonists don’t always want the crops that are grown in the countries they colonize.
  • They force the Natives to grow single crops to send back to the colonizing country (sugar, tobacco, rubber)

2

REFLECTION QUESTION:

What are the drawbacks of relying on a single crop? What are the drawbacks to growing crops for export?

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Developing the colonizer country

The riches of colonized territories are used to develop/improve Europe or other colonizing countries, including the U.S.

3

REFLECTION QUESTION:

How might things be different today if these resources had been used to develop colonized territories instead?

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Consuming colonially

Colonies (colonized territories) are forced to buy overpriced products from the “mother country.” Local industries weren’t encouraged.

4

REFLECTION QUESTION:

How might the lack of industries affect colonized territories today?

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Hatching hierarchies

Colonizers established a system to keep them rich and powerful (at the top) and the natives poor, at the bottom. These systems are kept in place through unjust laws and violence.

Hierarchy: a system in which people or groups are ranked one above the other

5

REFLECTION QUESTION:

How would the rich and powerful elite affect the distribution of power in the future?

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Killing cultures

Colonizers force Natives to:

  • learn the colonizer’s language
  • practice the colonizer’s religion & culture

*Colonizers made Native traditions illegal.

6

REFLECTION QUESTION:

What effect might the policy of “ethnocide” have on the way Native People feel about themselves and their culture?

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Exploiting (abusing) the land

Indigenous people felt connected to the land.

Colonists viewed the land as property to own, buy, sell destroy and exploit.

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REFLECTION QUESTION:

How might this grab and exploit attitude towards land have an effect today?

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TURN & TALK TO A NEIGHBOR

Xiuhtezcatl (Shoe TEZ cat) Martinez, the activist in the video, speaks about protecting the Earth and the impacts of climate change. He is an indigenous person, and indigenous people have a deep connection to the land and often suffer the most from its exploitation.

  • Think about how exploiting the land for resources like oil and gas connects to climate change. How does this exploitation impact people and the planet?
  • Xiuhtezcatl talks about facing threats from the oil and gas industry. Why do you think these industries might try to silence activists like him?
  • How does Xiuhtezcatl's indigenous heritage influence his activism and his view of the connection between humans and the Earth?
  • What are some examples of land exploitation that you see happening in the world today, and what are the consequences of these actions?

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Activity 6

Colonization Videos

  1. Self-select groups of four
  2. Each group member will be numbered 1, 2, 3, 4
  3. Make a copy of note catcher Google doc
  4. Using headphones/earpods, you will watch your assigned video and record good notes
  5. After all videos have been watched and good notes recorded, #1 will share their notes and 2, 3, and 4 will listen and record notes onto their document. No copying
  6. Repeat until all members have notes for all four videos

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Activity 6

Colonization Videos

bit.ly/7pVidPac

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What is Colonization?

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Use the provided graphic organizer to take notes on the video you are assigned to be an expert on.

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Video 1

Colonization of Guam

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Video 2

Colonization of Hawaii

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Video 3

Colonization of Fiji (Part 1)

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Video 4

Colonization of Fiji (Part 2)

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Conduct a brief community circle and have students reflect on the videos that they watched.

Add more information to your graphic organizer as you listen to your classmates.

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Activity 7

Effects of Colonization

Create an InfoGraphic

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INFOGRAPHIC DIRECTIONS

  1. Decide and focus on one island
  2. You can work on the same island in a group, or you can do your own islands
  3. All seven pillars must independently
  4. Share research findingincluded in your infographic
  5. Use apps like Canva

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RUBRIC

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Activity 8 Community Collaboration

Instagram Project:�Celebration of Organizations

Decolonization Movements in the Pacific

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Instructions:

  1. Research about organizations that:
    1. Work towards cultural preservation
    2. Work towards decolonization
  2. Create an Instagram profile using the provided template
  3. Highlight 3 organizations and describe what they do
  4. Highlight 3 indigenous practices, cultures, art forms or languages; include an image and description

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PROFILE TEMPLATE

bit.ly/IGtempl

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Closing Circle

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Reflection question options:

  • What experiences are similar to other communities?
  • How do the 7 pillars of colonization show up in other communities?
  • What is something new you didn’t know before?
  • How did learning about this make you feel?
  • What can you do to support Pacific Islander communites?

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LESMC AAPI Lessons

Including Decolonizing Pasifika

bit.ly/PacIslands

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Reflection

1) What new ideas or strategies are you most excited to implement in your classroom?

2) What topics or concepts do you need to learn more about before teaching them to your students?

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Stay Connected

Danny Blas

danny@dannyblas.com

Brian Batugo

bbatugo@gmail.com

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More Resources

Danny Blas

danny@dannyblas.com

Brian Batugo

bbatugo@gmail.com