The Development of a Nation: The Formative Years
Discuss the Development of Federalism and the Key Roles Played by John Marshall and Alexander Hamilton,
Learning Objective One:
Discuss the differences between Federalist and anti-federalist
Federalists
Anti-Federalists
State Gov.
Fed Gov.
F
S
Federalists
Democratic-Republicans
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The first national parties developed out of contests in Congress in the early 1790's over Hamilton's financial program. Madison and Jefferson first organized their opposition to Hamilton's program only in Congress and did not anticipate creating a permanent, popular party.
Learning Objective Two:
Describe what the Federalist Papers were, who wrote them, when, and the purpose of their publications. Be sure to identify some of the most significant Federalists Papers as well as identifying their thesis.
Federalists Paper
The Federalists Papers
Federalists Paper 10
FACTIONS
“The most common and endurable source of faction has been the various and unequal distribution of property. Those who hold and those who are without property have ever formed distinct interest in society…. The first object of government is the protection of different and unequal faculties for acquiring property” James Madison
What was anti-revolutionary?
The voice of the people has been said to be the voice of God; and, however generally this maxim has been quoted and believed, it is not true to fact. The people are turbulent and changing, they seldom judge or determine right.
"If we incline too much to democracy, we shall soon shoot into a monarchy." �Alexander Hamilton
Proximity to power
James Madison
"Democracies have ever been spectacles of turbulence and contention; have ever been found incompatible with personal security or the rights of property; and have in general been as short in their lives as they have been violent in their deaths."
Federalists Paper 10
FACTIONS
The main question for Madison was how to control the effects of factions.
FEDERALISTS #51
If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself
Discuss the Development of Federalism and the Key Roles John Marshall and Alexander Hamilton Played in its Development
Write Down the Defintion
Federalism
Federalism
The division of powers between the national government and the state governments (with the balance of power in favor of the national government).
Alexander Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton
�
Explain Trickle Down theory and relate it to Hamilton’s report on public credit and the national banking system
Gov. Support
Wealthy Ind. & Big Business
Investment
Creates New Business and More Jobs
Debt
Common Man has Purchasing Power
Stimulates Business
More Profits
Explain Trickle Down theory and relate it to Hamilton’s report on public credit and the national banking system
Report on Public Credit
Discuss Hamilton’s Report on the National Bank
In Summary of Hamilton Programs
�Shaped a strong national economic policy which created a permanent national debt (only paid off once in 1835 by Jackson)
In relation to the problem that was attempted to be solved with the US Constitution on how to maintain a degree of power for the States while ensuring more of the balance of the power was in favor of the national government, why are we studying Alexander Hamilton’s financial programs during the 1790s?
Take out a piece of paper and respond to the following:
John Marshall
The Supreme Court
Article III of the Constitution establishes and empowers the judicial branch of the national government.
� “The judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.”
John Marshall
Discuss and demonstrate with court cases the significance of John Marshall in helping the American people develop a national identity.
From left, William Cushing, Chief Justice John Jay, John Blair, & James Wilson. They did not hear a case until 1792.
Chief Justice Marshall answered three questions
Adams v. Jefferson 1803
His Ruling!
McCulloch v Maryland 1819
The Issues
McCulloch v Maryland 1819
His Arguments
McCulloch v Maryland 1819
His Arguments
SUPREMACY CLAUSE Art. VI Cl. 2
This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding.
�
McCulloch v Maryland 1819
His Arguments
McCulloch v Maryland 1819
Significance “A Fulfilled Promise”�
Dartmouth College v. Woodward 1819
In 1769 King George III of England granted a charter to Dartmouth College.
Learning Objective I:
Discuss Jefferson's views on religious liberty? Discuss how the Baptists posed a problem to the idea of established religions.
What does the First Amendment say about religion? How do its words contribute to sustaining American religion? What do you think Thomas Jefferson's famous phrase "wall of separation between church and state" means?
(click here to view the video): http://video.pbs.org/video/1610731418/)
Learning Objective I:
Discuss Jefferson's views on religious liberty? Discuss how the Baptists posed a problem to the idea of established religions. Discuss how the Baptists controversy in Virginia impacted the US Constitution and helped shape the First Amendment.
Thomas Jefferson
Discuss the election of 1800 and the arrival of Jeffersonian Democracy.
Thomas Jefferson
First Term
Louisiana Purchase
Discuss Jefferson's Louisiana Purchase, the Barbary War, and the Embargo Act, and show how there was very little change from that of his Federalist predecessors in his (1) domestic and (2) foreign policies and (3) interpretation of the Constitution.
Louisiana Purchase
Louisiana Purchase
In his interpretations of the Constitution and in domestic policy, Jefferson demonstrated a loose interpretation of the Constitution
Louisiana Purchase
Avoided conflict with France!
Tripolitan War of 1801-05 -- Declaration of War
Tripolitan War of 1801-05 -- Declaration of War
Embargo Act of 1807
Neutral Rights
WHY???
AA Jefferson Is Jefferson Avoiding War???
The Embargo of 1807
Jefferson three key elements within society that are necessary to create a democracy
Jefferson three key elements within society that are necessary to create a democracy
“Educate and inform the whole mass of the people... They are the only sure reliance for the preservation of our liberty.”
Discuss the role of dissent and rebellion in society in preserving a democracy
Andrew Jackson
��Andrew Jackson
Discuss the democratic revolution that was to culminate during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. Also discuss his contributions to the development of the federal government and demonstrate his view of the presidency by using Jackson's attack on the Second Bank of the United States
Discuss the development of the democratic revolution in the US from 1776-1840.
�1776-1828 is often seen as the democratic revolution that culminates in Jacksonian Democracy 1828-1840
1. Idealism
2. Sectionalism
3. Changing Political Conditions
Discuss the development of the democratic revolution in the US from 1776-1840.
�1776-1828 is often seen as the democratic revolution that culminates in Jacksonian Democracy 1828-1840
1. Idealism
Discuss the development of the democratic revolution in the US from 1776-1840.
�1776-1828 is often seen as the democratic revolution that culminates in Jacksonian Democracy 1828-1840
1. Idealism
Discuss the development of the democratic revolution in the US from 1776-1840.
Discuss the development of the democratic revolution in the US from 1776-1840.
2. Sectionalism
b. Slavery
Discuss the development of the democratic revolution in the US from 1776-1840.
3. Changing Political Conditions
By 1840, the electorate included more than 90% of the adult white male population.
In Summary
Compromise of 1820
Concept Four Continued
Discuss the presidential election of 1828
Discuss the presidential election of 1828
Discuss the function that Jackson saw for himself as President. What was the significance of his attack on the Second Bank of the United States?
Jackson favored
Discuss the function that Jackson saw for himself as President. What was the significance of his attack on the Second Bank of the United States?
1832 Henry Clay and Daniel Webster united to oppose Jackson
Nullification
Nullification
THE INDIAN REMOVAL ACT
THE INDIAN REMOVAL ACT
The National Debt