TURBINE ENGINES VS RECIPROCATING ENGINES
CHAAHAT PRASAD(1), Somdat Kissoon(2), Andrew M Singh(3), (1) JFKR Aviation and Aeronautics Academy, (2) NYCCT of CUNY & JFKR Aviation and Aeronautics Academy, �(3) York College of CUNY, Geology Discipline, Jamaica, NY, & JFKR Aviation and Aeronautics Academy
NASA. (n.d.). How does a jet engine work? Retrieved April 8, 2024, from https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/UEET/StudentSite/engines.html
U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Flight Standards Service. (2023). Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook–Powerplant: Vol. FAA-H-8083-32B (2023rd ed.) https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/amt_powerplant_handbook.pdf
U.S. Department of Energy. (2016, July). Combined Heat and Power Technology Fact Sheet Series. Energy.gov. Retrieved April 8, 2024, from https://www.energy.gov/eere/amo/articles/reciprocating-engines-doe-chp-technology-fact-sheet-series-fact-sheet-2016
REFERENCES
An enormous thanks to The Port Authority Of NY & NJ, A New JFK, York College, Delta, American Airlines, JFK Millennium Partners and The New Terminal JFK International Airport, whose research grants made this STEM project possible.`
Reciprocating engines, on the other hand, use something known as the otto cycle. Which is a four-step cycle where intake, compression, power, and exhaust occur. Pistons inside the cylinders perform these strokes. Other components in this process are the intake, exhaust valve, crankshaft, and carburetor.
As the gas shoots backward, the engine and the aircraft are thrusted forward, which is known as newton’s 3rd law- each action has an equal and opposite reaction. As the hot air goes to the nozzle, it passes through another group of blades called the turbine. The turbine is attached to the same shaft at the compressor. Spinning the turbine causes the compressor to spin, thus producing power in the engine and allowing the aircraft to stay in the air. This process has a better power-to-weight ratio than a reciprocating engine because of their ability to operate at high speeds, which is why it is favored in commercial aviation.
Overall, turbine engines are better than reciprocating engines as they operate at higher efficiency in a much cleaner way and have low emissions, which benefits the environment. These engines also require less maintenance, saving 13,000 man-hours.
Turbine engines, also known as jet engines, operate under something known as the brayton cycle. The brayton cycle is a constant pressure cycle since all four events -intake, combustion, power, and exhaust- happen at once. This cycle uses boyle’s, charles's, and newton's laws to operate.
The engine sucks air in at the front with a fan. As it goes into the engine, the compressor raises the pressure of the air. The blades in the compressor spin at high speed and squeeze the air. The blades get smaller as the air continues to travel. This process uses boyle’s law since the volume is decreasing and the pressure is increasing. The compressed air is then mixed with fuel, and an electric spark lights the mixture; this is also known as ignition. The burning gases then expand and blast out through the nozzle at the back of the engine, as Charles Law states, at constant pressure gas will expand as temperature increases.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
TURBINE ENGINES (JET ENGINES)
RECIPROCATING ENGINES
Figure 1: Turbine engine (explain more)
Figure 2: Hourly Fuel Consumption / Drag vs. Mach Number
As the first stroke happens, the fuel and air mixture enters the chamber through the intake valve. During the second stroke, both valves are closed, and the piston starts to compress the mixture. A spark is produced by the spark plug, which ignites the mixture. A small explosion in the chamber pushes the piston back and rotating the propeller. The exhaust valve then opens, and the burnt exhaust gases are then let out, and the process happens all over again.
CONCLUSION
Figure 4: Reciprocating engine geometry (COMSOL, 2015)
Figure 3: Radial engine (FAA.gov).
The carburetor sucks the air in from the environment and regulates the amount of fuel and air mixture being sent to the pistons. The pistons act like a wall, using the fuel and air mixture to rotate the crankshaft, which ultimately turns the propeller.
This process has to be timed perfectly, since improper valve timing or clearance can lead to backfiring and after firing, which can damage the engine permanently. The mixture causes a carbon buildup in the engine making it harder to clean, and the piston head can be damaged if incorrect grade of oil is used.
Abstract - we need a 1500 characters or less summary
summarize the poster. background hypothesis objectives methods results discussion conclusion limitations future works
Are Turbine Engines or Reciprocating engines better for efficiency and the environment? Turbine engines, also known as jet engines, operate under something known as the Brayton Cycle. The Brayton Cycle is a constant pressure cycle since all four events -intake, combustion, power, and exhaust- happen at once. This process has a better power-to-weight ratio than a reciprocating engine because of their ability to operate at high speeds, which is why it is favored in commercial aviation. Reciprocating engines, on the other hand, use something known as the Otto Cycle, a four-step cycle where intake, compression, power, and exhaust occur. This process has to be timed perfectly, since improper valve timing or clearance can lead to backfiring and after firing, which can damage the engine permanently. The mixture causes a carbon buildup in the engine making it harder to clean, and the piston head can be damaged if incorrect grade of oil is used. Overall, turbine engines are better than reciprocating engines as they operate at higher efficiency in a much cleaner way and have low emissions, which benefits the environment. These engines also require less maintenance, saving 13,000 man-hours.