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India

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PRIMARY EDUCATION

A detailed description on

Prepared and designed by

Z. Fetcher

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Introduction�

  • Primary education is the foundation of the entire super structure of the nation which we intend to build.
  • Primary education is crucial for spreading mass literacy, which is basic requirement for the effective functioning of democratic institutions, economic development, and modernisation of the social structure.

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Constitution of free India on Primary education

  • The state shall endeavour to provide within the period of ten years from the commencement of the constitution, for free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years.

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The constitution of free India guarantees free education to all

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What is Primary education?

  • Primary education is also known as elementary education.
  • Primary education is the first stage of formal education, coming after preschool/kindergarten, and before secondary school.
  • Primary education takes place in primary schools, or first schools, and middle schools, depending on the location.

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Objectives of Primary education according to the regional meeting of representatives of Asian member states

  • Mastery over the tools of learning
  • Harmonious development
  • Good citizenship and national integration
  • International understanding
  • Scientific attitude
  • Dignity of labour
  • Preparation for life

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Harmonious development of primary education

  • To bring about a harmonious development of the child’s personality by providing for his physical, intellectual, social, emotional, aesthetic, moral, and spiritual needs.

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Good citizen and national integration

  • To prepare children for citizenship, to develop in them a love for their country, its traditions and its culture and to inspire in them a sense of service and loyalty.

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International understanding

  • To develop international understanding and the spirit of universal brotherhood.

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Scientific attitude

  • To inculcate a scientific attitude.

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Stages of Primary or Elementary Education(1-8)

  • Kothari commission has given a concept of 7 years primary education.
  • According to Kothari commission Primary education is divided two stages:
  • Lower primary stage
  • Upper primary stage

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Stages of Primary education:�Kothari commission

Lower primary stage

Upper primary stage

  • Lower primary stage is of 5 years duration.
  • Lower primary stage is comprised of age group 6 to 10 years.

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  • Upper primary stage is of 3 years duration.
  • Upper primary stage is comprised of age group 11 to 13 years.

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Kothari commission on Primary Education

Lower primary stage

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Upper primary stage

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Primary education according to five year plan

Stage 1

Stage 2

  • A five year course comprising the age group 6 to 11.
  • A three year course comprising the age group 12 to 14.

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Some common teaching methods used to give primary education

  • Teacher-centred instruction
  • Small group instruction
  • Student-centred/Constructive approach

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Modern teaching methods for primary school

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Teacher-centred instruction�

Teachers are in charge of the classroom and direct all activities.

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Small group instruction (SGI)

SGI provides education to students with a group of four to six students.

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Student-centred

Student-centred classrooms include students in planning , implementation, and assessments.

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Problems of Primary education

  • Infrastructure deficit
  • Corruption and leakages
  • Quality of teachers
  • Non academic burden
  • Poor salary
  • Teachers absenteeism
  • High drop rates
  • School closure

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Problems of Primary education

Infrastructure deficit-Dilapidated structures, single room schools, lack of drinking water facilities, separate toilets and others are a great problem.

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Problems of Primary education

Corruption and leakages-

Due to high level of corruption the fund transfer is drastically reduced by the time it reaches the true beneficiaries.

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Conclusion

  • Primary education forms the bedrock of development.
  • In primary school children learn foundational skills that prepare them for life, work, and active citizenship.

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References

  • https://www.open.edu
  • Institute of International teachers training
  • Teach thought
  • Teach.com