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Data Center Heat Re-use with Natural Refrigerant CO2 (R-744)�

Seth Chicos

M&M Carnot

seth.chicos@mmcarnot.com

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AGENDA

Data Center Heat Re-use Chillers
Application of Natural Refrigerant CO2 R-744 for Data Center Applications
Natural Refrigerants for Heat Re-use
Future innovation for Heat Re-use with CRAC units

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Carnot�Supermarket

Carnot�Industrial

Carnot�Chiller

Aquilon^TM�Data Center

A pioneer in transcritical CO₂ refrigeration�and cooling systems

« See the possible where the others see the impossible »

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Carnot Data Center Chiller w/ Heat Reuse

Downtown Office Space

6 Chilled water CRAC units – Total 80 Tons (280kW)
(2) 80 Ton chillers w/ Synthetic Refrigerant
Natural Gas Boilers for Comfort HVAC
Chilled Water loop temperature 13.3/6.7C ~44/56F
10L/s or 160gpm
Heat Recovery – 300kW

42.8C to 55C Hot Water (109F-131F)

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Data Center Chiller Design

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HEAT RE-USE CHILLER COMPONENTS

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Carbon Dioxide : History of a Refrigerant

1850

Alexander Twining proposed CO₂ as a refrigerant in his British patent

1866

TSC Lowe (American) introduced CO₂ compressor

1866

First refrigeration system running on R-744

1928

CFC arrival

on the market

1950

R-744 completely phased out

1920-30

Systems in subcritical operation

1989

Montreal�Protocol

1990

Renewed

Interest in

The early 90’s

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Montreal Protocol and KigaliAmendment

January 1, 2019 marks the coming into force of the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol. It is an international treaty that aims to reduce the expected production and consumption of very powerful hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), greenhouse gases, by more than 80% over the next 30 years. If fully supported, the amendment will allow, by the end of this century, a reduction of up to 0.4°C in global warming.��Signed at the end of 2016 in Kigali (Rwanda) by 197 states, it has already been ratified by 65 countries��

Description

Signing Date: October 15^th 2016
Starting Date: January 1^st 2019
Starting reduction of 10% (2019) to 85% (2036)
HFC Reduction because of their global warming potential

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Carbon Dioxide :Comparative Analysis with synthetic refrigerants (compared to NH3)

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Aquilon^TM Natural Refrigerant CRAC units

Capacity: 15TR (52 kW) 🡪 48TR (175 kW)

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CO₂ Advantages: Rain Cycle Free-Cooling^TM

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Project

Trois-Rivières
Installation: Summer 2022

Description

2x15T CRAC Units

Upflow Units

Gas Cooler with ECM Fans
Orbital Welding and bended tubing

Innovations

Rain Cycle Free-Cooling^TM

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Option�CO₂ / CO₂

Option�CO₂ / Water

Operational resilience
No oil/water in the data room
Energy savings over 70%

Cumulus (Natural Refrigerant In-Row system)�Capacity: 10TR (40 kW) 🡪 1 unit (40 kW)

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CO₂ Advantages: Rain Cycle Free-Cooling^TM

CRAC�units

In Row�units

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CO₂ TC Chillers

BEFORE

AFTER

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CO₂ TC Chillers

Complete and integrated solution

— Process or HVAC chilled water loop

Water, glycol, brine
Down to -40°F process temp.

— Process or HVAC hot water loop

Water, glycol, brine
Combined EER (COP) up to 55 (16)

— Direct CO₂ to Domestic hot water loop

— Reduced foot print

— Full redundancy on key components

— Optional integrated pump skid

— Optional patented Rain Cycle Free-Cooling^TM

Heat Re-Use

Domestic Hot Water / Snow Melt / regeneration of desicant wheel for dehumidification / pool water heat / Comfort cooling Air Pre-heat

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OTHER HEAT RECLAIM CHILLER DESIGNS

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CO₂ TO Water Heat Exchanger

Located above load
Heat is rejected to CO₂ transferred to building water loop
Could be chilled water / heat pump loop
Paired with Perimeter style unit, allows CO₂ system to reject heat into hot water loop, or outside to gas cooler when heat isn’t required.
Free Cooling allowed when heat not needed