SINGAPORE
GROUP 6
GROWTH
Singapore Population Vs Time. Statista
Singapore GDP per Capita Vs Time. Our World In Data
LAND USE
THROUGH TIME
Fong et al. 2019
Source: ourworldindata.org
Shows how much Singapore is dependent of the rest of the world
This is with import which makes the amount of CO2 per capita to just under 30 tCO2, compared to the graph to the left where the CO2 per capita is only around 9 tCO2
ELEMENTS AND BOUNDARIES
STAKEHOLDERS
Trend: Housing
Drivers: Rise in population, economic growth, higher percentage of unmarried and elderly.
Trend: GHG Emissions
Drivers: Rise in population, increase industrialization, transportation (both of people and resources)
Trend: Economic Growth
Drivers: Rise in population, high education, attractiveness for international corporations, export of services and manufacturing, tourism, geographical positioning.
TRENDS AND DRIVERS
TRENDS AND DRIVERS AND CONSEQUENCES
SYSTEM MAP
SYSTEM MAP
FORECAST
Demand Today:
By 2065:
Water imports from Malaysia end in 2061
The 4 National Taps:
Changes implemented:
WATER
Expecting a population around 6,7 mil. in 2030
Population has consistently grown at 1% pr. yr. in the last decade
Same rate of growth would mean a population of 8 mil in 2050
HOUSING/
POPULATION
Singapore’s Growing Land
1960: 581,5 km2
2019: 725,7 km2
2030: 766 km2 (aim)
Reasons for land reclamation:
CO2 Emissions:
LAND RECLAMATION
EMISSION
Define the strategy
VISION & STRATEGY
Ensure Water Security
Build modern, livable, efficient and equitable housing for all
Achieve Carbon Neutrality by 2045
The vision of the state of Singapore is to build a green, resilient and more livable city for the future generations
To be leading in water technology, smart water usage and become water-independent
Build housing that is sustainable and affordable and develop neighbourhoods to be more vibrant and livable for all
Having a cleaner energy mix and being a leader in carbon capture utilization and sequestration to achieve carbon neutrality ahead of the 2045 target
How Our Strategies Map to Our System
Ensure Water Security
Reduction in water usage by industry and households
Innovate and implement advanced desalination
Implement Blue-Green Infrastructure
World Leading Water Efficiency
Strict water efficiency standards for industry
Rain and wastewater collection systems mandated for industry
Expand water reservoirs and permeable surfaces
Efficient, Eco-Friendly Desalination
Accelerate R&D through public-private partnerships to develop more energy efficient desalination technologies
Aim to reduce energy use from 3.5 kWh/m3 to 1 kWh/m3 of water
ABC Waters
Active, Beautiful, Clean Waters
Turning old concrete pipes and canals into rivers and waterways in parks
Connecting existing waterways and reservoirs to improve resiliency
Stakeholders in blue
Ensure Water Security
Source: https://una.city
Build modern, livable, efficient and equitable housing for all
Encourage Active Transport
Build Sustainable, Resource-Efficient Housing
Build with Nature Based Solutions
Pedestrian and Bike Friendly Infrastructure
Pedestrianizing downtown Singapore
Connecting greenspaces and bike paths and public transit
Plan and promote public bike share services
Collaboration with Academia
Utilize research from Singapore’s universities to build resource efficient housing with low lifecycle emissions
As water and energy efficient as possible, made by the HDB to be retrofitted in the future
Expansion of Blue-Green Infrastructure
Connect existing green spaces and waterways to promote biodiversity and resilience
Convert older grey infrastructure into visible multifunctional blue-green infrastructure by PUB
Stakeholders in blue
Build modern, livable, efficient and equitable housing for all
Source: mvrdv.com
Source: AI generated (Adobe firefly)
Achieve Carbon Neutrality by 2045
Invest in Energy Infrastructure in Neighbouring Nations
Invest and plan for shift to clean fuels from natural gas
Invest in CCUS R&D with the aim of becoming carbon negative
A Win-Win Situation
Invest in building renewable energy in Malaysia and Indonesia
Interconnect grids to improve grid resilience
Increases pace of renewable adoption in both nations
Clean Molecules for Clean Power
Expanding the existing LNG port to be capable of processing and storing over 100% of Singapore’s demand
Building capability to utilize H2, ammonia or other clean molecules for power and transport
CCUS for Negative Emissions
Lead the world in CCUS R&D be encouraging public and private investment
Home to major oil and gas companies that can be valuable partners
Stakeholders in blue
Achieve Carbon Neutrality by 2045
Source: www.gexcon.com
Source: www.greentechnologyinfo.com/
Actions
TIMELINE
Reduction in water usage by industry and households
Innovate and implement advanced desalination
Turning grey infrastructure like pipes and sewers into Green-Blue canals/rivers to provide resilience
Invest in renewables in neighbouring nations to import clean power while providing co-benefits
Invest in clean molecules - RNG, H2, liquid ammonia etc. for transportation and power generation
Invest in CCUS research and implementation at scale with the aim of becoming carbon negative
Increase green spaces and promote active transport
Build sustainable, resource-efficient housing with minimal lifecycle emissions
Incorporate NBS wherever possible - more green spaces and pervious surfaces
EXISTING PLANS VS OUR PLANS
Existing Plans in CAP/ Plans
-Encouraging water savings in residential sector
-Desalination and NEWater (recycled water) planned to make up for increased water use
-They are building an interconnector with Malaysia and investing in solar development there
- Existing LNG port that can provide 50% of Singapore’s requirement
-Investigating CCUS and Hydrogen
Our Suggestions
-Implement strict ramping water efficiency and use reduction standards for industry
-Our goal is instead to be water efficient to prevent the need for more water
-Our goal is to expand and increase this investment to Indonesia and other ASEAN countries to build an ASEAN grid
-Expand LNG port to be >100% requirement and be clean fuel ready
-Invest heavily in R&D with private partners and academia to boost development
SPATIAL MAPPING
SOURCES
admin. “Top Alternative Clean Fuel Sources | Renewable Energy.” Green Technology Info | Sustainable Homes | Green Living, 1 June 2021, https://www.greentechnologyinfo.com/top-alternative-clean-fuel-sources/.
Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park & Kallang River Restoration | Urban Nature Atlas. https://una.city/nbs/singapore/bishan-ang-mo-kio-park-kallang-river-restoration. Accessed 14 Aug. 2024.
“CNA Explains: Why Does Singapore Want to Build a ‘Long Island’?” CNA, https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/long-island-cna-explains-east-coast-reclamation-property-climate-3950566. Accessed 14 Aug. 2024.
Data, Our World in, and Max Roser. “OWID Homepage.” Our World in Data, Mar. 2024. ourworldindata.org, https://ourworldindata.org.
Impact Of Climate Change In Singapore. https://www.nccs.gov.sg/singapores-climate-action/impact-of-climate-change-in-singapore/. Accessed 14 Aug. 2024.
“Malaysia Unleashes Renewable Energy Potential on Singapore’s Doorstep.” MIDA | Malaysian Investment Development Authority, https://www.mida.gov.my/mida-news/malaysia-unleashes-renewable-energy-potential-on-singapores-doorstep/. Accessed 14 Aug. 2024.
MVRDV - Green Rail Corridor. https://www.mvrdv.com/projects/267/green-rail-corridor-. Accessed 14 Aug. 2024.
Singapore. https://globalis.dk/lande/singapore. Accessed 14 Aug. 2024.
“Singapore - TotalEnergies ENEOS – Solar for Business in Asia.” TotalEnergies ENEOS, https://solar.totalenergies.asia/countries/singapore/. Accessed 14 Aug. 2024.
“Singapore’s Water Loop.” PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency, http://www.pub.gov.sg/Public/WaterLoop. Accessed 14 Aug. 2024.
Water. https://www.mse.gov.sg/policies/water. Accessed 14 Aug. 2024.
Water Shortages and Rationing in Singapore. https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=934137ac-f437-4120-93e0-689ec0283f97. Accessed 14 Aug. 2024.
“World Bank Open Data.” World Bank Open Data, https://data.worldbank.org. Accessed 14 Aug. 2024.
Questions and comments?