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11.3 Expansion, Nationalism,

and Sectionalism (1800-1865)

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Louisiana Purchase (1803)

  • Jefferson takes a loose interpretation of the Constitution. (This is a change for him)
  • Gives US control of Great Plains and the Mississippi River

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War of 1812

“Second war for Independence”

Anger over impressment of sailors, War Hawks, British arming Native Americans

  • “Victory” at Battle of New Orleans
  • End of the Federalist party

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Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Foreign policy

-No new European colonies in the western hemisphere

- US will not get involved in the affairs of Europe

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Market Revolution

  • Start of American industrialization
  • Start of urbanization
  • Improved transportation (Erie Canal, steamboats, turnpikes)
  • Development of factories
  • Universal white manhood suffrage
  • North want tariffs

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Women and children in textile mills

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President Andrew Jackson

Increased power of the President

Used the “Spoils System” or patronage to give supporters jobs

Used the veto power to kill the national bank

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Trail of Tears

Worcester v. Georgia - Native Americans cannot be regulated by state governments

Indian Removal Act (1830)

Trail of Tears - Native Americans’ difficult forced march to the west

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Federal Power v. State’s Rights

What is federalism?

Powers left to the states are called “Reserved Powers”

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions - Developed idea that states could nullify or declare federal laws unconstitutional

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Nullification Crisis - South Carolina refused to enforce and nullified the Tariff of 1832

Pres. Jackson was ready to use force against South Carolina

A compromise tariff was developed by Henry Clay

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Abolitionist Movement - Trying to end slavery

Slave Revolts

  • Nat Turner’s Rebellion

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Abolitionists

Sojourner Truth, William Lloyd Garrison (The Liberator), Frederick Douglass (The Autobiography of Frederick Douglass and The North Star), Harriet Beecher Stowe (Uncle Tom’s Cabin)

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Women’s Suffrage

Suffrage is the right to vote

Seneca Falls Convention (1848) - Meeting to promote women’s rights

Declaration of Sentiments - Statement that men and women are equal

Grimke Sisters, Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton were suffragists

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Debate over the expansion of slavery

Manifest Destiny - Belief the U.S. would stretch from Atlantic to Pacific Ocean

Missouri Compromise - Missouri came in as a slave state, Maine came in as a free state

Missouri Compromise kept the number of free and slave states in balance

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U.S. annexed Texas and fought the Mexican American War

The Mexican American War increased tensions over the expansion of slavery

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Compromise of 1850

California entered as a free state (upset the South)

Fugitive Slave Act (upset the North)

Use of Popular Sovereignty in New Mexico and Utah territories

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Kansas Nebraska Act

Repealed Missouri Compromise

Used popular sovereignty to decide question of slavery in Kansas

Led to “Bleeding Kansas”

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Dred Scott Decision

Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Slaves are property that is protected under the 5th Amendment

African Americans do not have the rights of citizens

Increased tensions between North & South

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John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry

-Attempt to start a slave revolt

- Further divided the North and South

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Election of 1860

Lincoln wins the election without southern votes

Republican party planned to keep slavery from spreading

Southern states secede

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Civil War

North had many advantages. More money, people, equipment, food..

South had better military leadership

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Federal government during Civil War

Power of government expanded.

  • Suspension of habeas corpus, censorship, military trials

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  • Which group benefited the most from the United States acquisition of the port of New Orleans?

(1) farmers in the Ohio River valley

(2) Native American Indians in the Southwest

(3) fur trappers in the Hudson River valley

(4) gold miners in northern California

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2. A major reason for the issuance of the Monroe Doctrine (1823) was to

(1) improve trade relations with Asia

(2) gain new colonies in Latin America

(3) acquire land to build a canal in Central America (4) limit European influence in the Western Hemisphere

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3. A major reason for President Andrew Jackson’s policy toward the Cherokee Nation was to

(1) provide Native American Indians with better farmland

(2) enforce the United States Supreme Court decision in Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

(3) obtain land from Native American Indians for white settlers

(4) gain the political support of Native American Indians

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4. Which quotation best represents the idea of Manifest Destiny?

(1) “American interests are best served by strict isolationism.”

(2) “The passage of protective tariffs will encourage industrial development.”

(3) “Immigration is the key to the nation’s economic growth.”

(4) “The United States has a duty to spread American ideals westward.”

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5. . . .“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; . . .”

—Seneca Falls Convention, 1848

Which document most influenced the authors of this statement?

(1) Mayflower Compact

(2) Albany Plan of Union

(3) Declaration of Independence

(4) Articles of Confederation

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6. One way in which Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, and Sojourner Truth are similar is that they all supported the

(1) abolitionist movement

(2) passage of Black Codes

(3) nullification theory of States rights

(4) plantation system in the South

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7. Abraham Lincoln’s 1858 warning that “a house divided against itself cannot stand” referred to sectional differences over the

(1) treatment of Native American Indians

(2) issue of slavery

(3) funding for internal improvements

(4) treaties with European nations

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“President Jackson Vetoes Bill Rechartering Bank of United States”

“Taney Court Overturns Missouri Compromise” “Senate Approves NATO Treaty”

8. Which concept is best illustrated by these headlines?

(1) federalism

(2) direct democracy

(3) checks and balances

(4) westward expansion

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9. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850 were attempts by the federal government to

(1) limit immigration from Europe

(2) reduce the conflict over slavery

(3) settle border disputes with Mexico

(4) control the migration of settlers to new western territories

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10.

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11. What was a primary goal of President Thomas Jefferson’s 1803 decision to purchase the Louisiana Territory?

(1) studying Native American Indian societies

(2) mining gold and silver in California

(3) gaining control of the port of New Orleans

(4) securing access to the iron ore deposits near the Great Lakes

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12. Which geographical consideration had the greatest influence on President Thomas Jefferson’s decision to purchase the Louisiana Territory in 1803?

(1) Large gold reserves were located in the territory. (2) The size of the territory would create a barrier to French influence.

(3) The Rocky Mountain region was an outlet for future population growth.

(4) Full control of the port of New Orleans on the Mississippi River would be established.

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13. One result of the War of 1812 was that the United States

(1) acquired French-held territory in southern Canada

(2) maintained its independence and its territory

(3) lost control of the Ohio River valley

(4) gained territory from Mexico

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14.

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15. President Andrew Jackson used the spoils system to

(1) stop the westward expansion of slavery

(2) strengthen the military for national defense

(3) reward loyal political supporters

(4) destroy the Bank of the United States

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16.The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798) held that states could nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts because these laws

(1) repealed the Northwest Ordinance

(2) placed an unfair tax on whiskey made by western farmers

(3) violated the Constitution

(4) established limits on universal suffrage

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11.3 MC answers

  • (1)
  • (4)
  • (3)
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  • (3)
  • (1)
  • (2)
  • (3)
  • (2)
  • (3)
  • (3)
  • (4)
  • (3)
  • (1)
  • (3)
  • (3)