HYDEL POWER STATIONS�
FACULTY- ER. GOSTA PANDA
SEMESTER- 6TH, MECHANICAL
SUBJECT- POWER STATION ENGINEERING
Low Head Hydroelectrical Generators
Low head:
Propellor type
Turbines
Power =
Change in Potential
Energy per Unit time
= weight*
Vertical drop/time
Energy =
Power*time
Microhydro Installation
Small stream with
Hydroelectrical generator:
Power for one family
(Jim Keener)
Moderate Head Hydro
Head: height difference
Between water level in
Reservoir and water
Level entering turbine
Head= height in potential
Energy equation
Penstock: tube water flows
Through
Francis turbine
Turbine used for moderate
Head hydroelectrical power
statiosn
Water Flow in a Francis Turbine
Left: relative to turbine blades Right: true water path
High Head Hydro
Pelton Water Wheel
Used for high head applications:
(above 250 meters)
Are impulse turbines.
Francis and Propeller type turbine
Are reaction turbines.
Reaction turbines: run submerged.
Impulse turbines: run in normal air
Jets of Water Hitting Pelton Wheel
Jets of water are directed through a nozzle onto Pelton wheel
Cups on the wheel transfer kinetic energy from water to wheel.
Optimum Hydroelectric Turbine Type
Optimum water
Wheel: not
Just a function
Of head, also
Depends on
Water flow rate
Hydropower Output by Nation
Lure of
Hydropower
Big Dams
Vs
Rebar
Itaipu Dam
Presently world’s largest
Hydroelectric plant
On Parana river between
Brazil and Paraguay
Capacity: 12,600 MW
(drought a problem recently):
Provides:
25% of Brazil power
78% of Paraguay power
Environmental Problems with Dams
1) Silt buildup fills reservoir (Yangtze; levees)
2) Fish migration disrupted (Columbia)
3)Water temperature decreases (Colorado)
4) Water gets more saline (Colorado)
5) Water loses oxygen (Brazil)
6) Water slows down, increases disease
(mosquitos, schitosomiasis (Aswan))
7) Water traps pollution, slows pollution flushing
8) Induced seismicity may occur
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