DINH DƯỠNG TRONG ICU- ỨNG DỤNG KHUYẾN NGHỊ VÀ THỰC TIỄN TẠI VIỆT NAM
TS. BS. LƯU NGÂN TÂM
Bệnh viện Chợ Rẫy
Hội Nuôi dưỡng đường tiêu hóa và đường tĩnh mạch VN (VietSPEN)
NỘI DUNG
SUY DINH DƯỠNG DO THIẾU NĂNG LƯỢNG VÀ PROTEIN
LÀM TĂNG TỬ VONG GẤP 3,1 LẦN
Results: Fourteen studies with a total of 3.249 participants were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of SP among critically ill pts was 38% (95%, CI: 36%-39%). Critically ill pts with SP in ICU have an increased risks of mortality, compared to critically ill pts without SP (HR=2,22, 95% CI: 1,79-2,75; P<0,001; I2 = 0,0%). In addition, a subgroup analysis found a significant difference in the association between SP and mortality when using total psoas muscle area (TPA), skeletal muscle index (SMI), and skeletal muscle area (SMA) to define SP (HR=2,96, 95%CI: 1,72-5,11, p<0,001; HR= 2,11, 95%CI: 1,59-2,80, p<0,01; HR=2,11, 95%CI: 1,33-3,33; p=0,001, respectively), whereas the results were not significant when measuring the masseter muscle to define SP (HR=2,00, 95%CI: 0,82-4,96, P=0,129)
Zhang 2020
SARCOPENIA AS A PREDICTOR OF MORTALITY AMONG THE CRITICALLY ILL IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
SUY DINH DƯỠNG VÀ MẤT CƠ
DỊ HÓA NẶNG VÀ DIỄN TIẾN SDD NẶNG RẤT NHANH
38-78% BN NẶNG BỊ SUY DINH DƯỠNG
1. ĐÁNH GIÁ TÌNH TRẠNG DD VÀ CHẨN ĐOÁN DD Ở BN ICU?
ESPEN practical and partially revised guideline: Clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit
CN 2023
ĐÁNH GIÁ KHỐI CƠ XƯƠNG BN ICU
Muscle mass can be evaluated by ultrasound [18], computerized tomography scan [19], or bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) [20]. Sarcopenia, a decrease in muscle mass and/or function, is frequent in undernourished patients admitted to the ICU [21]. This loss of muscle may be considered as frailty and is associated with a prolonged hospital stay, and a decrease in quality of life and functional capacity
BIA can assess body composition in a stable patient not suffering from fluid compartment shifts and phase angle [24] is useful in the evaluation of the prognosis of critically ill patients
CN 2023
SGA- SUBJECTIVE GLOBAL ASSESSMENT
GLIM Criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition – A consensus report from the global nutrition community
ỨNG DỤNG KHUYẾN NGHỊ TRÊN THẾ GIỚI VÀO �THỰC TIỄN LÂM SÀNG Ở VIỆT NAM?
BIỂU MẪU CỦA BYT
PHIẾU BYT BAN HÀNH
CÔNG CỤ NRS
CÔNG CỤ GLIM
DANH MỤC KỸ THUẬT DINH DƯỠNG LÂM SÀNG
QUY TRÌNH KỸ THUẬT DDLS ĐƯỢC THẨM ĐỊNH BỞI BỘ Y TẾ �(22-23/2/2024)
2. DINH DƯỠNG “ĐÚNG” ĐỂ TĂNG HIỆU QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ
Evaluation of Nutritional Support and In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Malnutrition
JAMA Netw Open. 2021
🡻 21% tỉ lệ tử vong
HỖ TRỢ DD:
TRÁNH NUÔI THIẾU HAY THỪA NĂNG LƯỢNG
In critically ill mechanically ventilated patients, energy expenditure (EE) should be determined by using indirect calorimetry.
(R15, Grade B, strong consensus, 95%)
THẾ NHƯNG!
TÌNH TRẠNG DINH DƯỠNG BN ICU
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GẦY ỐM
BÉO PHÌ
MÁY IC TẠI BV CHỢ RẪY
TỪNG BƯỚC CUNG CẤP NĂNG LƯỢNG ĐẠM THEO TỪNG PHA BỆNH NẶNG VÀ TÌNH TRẠNG DINH DƯỠNG CỦA BỆNH NHÂN
Arthur van Zanten et al. 2019
CÁCH CUNG CẤP NĂNG LƯỢNG-ESPEN 2023
Early full feeding causes overfeeding as it adds to the endogenous energy production which amounts to 500-1400 kcal/d and can lead to. deleterious effects such as increased length of stay, ventilation duration and infection rates [57]. Early full feeding also increases the risk of refeeding (see No. 60). On the other hand, a too low intake, below 50%, was associated in retrospective studies with a worse clinical outcome. may lead to severe calorie debt and empty the energy reserves, reduce lean body mass and may increase infectious complications
Hypocaloric nutrition (not exceeding 70% of EE) should be administered in the early phase of acute illness (Fig. 5)
Grade B, strong consensus, 100%)
Nutritional Support to Counteract Muscle Atrophy
ĐỦ PROTEIN/ ACID AMIN
ĐỦ NĂNG LƯỢNG
DƯỠNG CHẤT ĐẶC BIỆT
VI CHẤT DD
PREBIOTIC/ PROBIOTIC
TĂNG TỔNG HỢP CƠ
MIỄN DỊCH
DƯỠNG CHẤT GIÚP TĂNG TỔNG HỢP CƠ- MIỄN DỊCH
EARLY MEDICAL NUTRITION THERAPY-ESPEN 2023
The administration of intravenous lipid emulsions should be generally a part of PN. (Grade GPP, strong consensus, 100%)
Intravenous lipid (including non-nutritional lipid sources) should not exceed 1.5 g lipids/kg/d and should be adapted to individual tolerance.
NHŨ DỊCH BÉO GIÀU ACID BÉO OEMGA 3 TRONG DDTM Ở BN ICU
Results: In adult ICU patients, ω-3 FA-containing PN versus standard PN was associated with significant reductions in the relative risk (RR) of infection (RR 0.62; 95% CI 0.45, 0.86; p = 0.004), hospital length of stay (HLOS) (- 3.05 days; 95% CI - 5.03, - 1.07; p = 0.003) and ICU length of stay (LOS) (- 1.89 days; 95% CI - 3.33, - 0.45; p = 0.01). In critically ill ICU patients, ω-3 FA-containing PN was associated with similar reductions in infection rates (RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.46, 0.94; p = 0.02), HLOS (- 3.98 days; 95% CI - 6.90, - 1.06; p = 0.008) and ICU LOS (- 2.14 days; 95% CI - 3.89, - 0.40; p = 0.02). Overall hospital episode costs were reduced in all six countries using ω-3 FA-containing PN compared to standard PN, ranging from €-3156 ± 1404 in Spain to €-9586 ± 4157 in the US.
NHŨ DỊCH BÉO GIÀU ACID BÉO OEMGA 3 TRONG DDTM Ở BN ICU- ESPEN 2023
Regarding the FA composition of the lipid emulsions, recent expert recommendations indicated that a blend of FAs should be considered, including medium chain triglycerides (MCTs), omega-9 monounsaturated FAs, and omega-3 polyunsaturated FAs. At this stage, the evidence for omega-3 FA-enriched emulsions in non-surgical ICU patients is not sufficient to recommend it as a standalone
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