DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF TITANIUM BASE ALLOY FOR MEDICAL APPLICATION

Group members:

Yashra Ali (MY-003)

Arsalan Aftab (MY-039)

Hassan Ahmed (MY-072)

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Supervisors:

Miss Shafaq Asrar (MYD Department)

Dr. Ali Dad Chandio (MYD Department)

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�OBJECTIVES

• To design a Titanium base alloy used in implantations which can replace the currently used Titanium alloy (i.e. Ti-6Al-4V)
• To get no harsh effects on the body if the tissues comes in contact with the degraded metal
• By considering human life risk at first, easily available for the common people
• The investigation of manganese effect as an alloying element in Titanium alloys for dental implant.
• To design a suitable TiMn alloy economically for implantation.

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TITANIUM AND ITS ALLOYS

• A metal having a low weight to strength ratio
• In its pure state, having a high corrosion resistant
• A high biocompatibility with the human body
• As a medical implant Titanium is used in its β-Phase (BCC)
• Metals like Mo, V, Zr, Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni can stabilize the β-Phase of Titanium
• Stabilizing above 880 ͦ C

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REASONS FOR SELECTING MANGANESE

• Easily available in the market
• Human body consumes manganese through many things like rice, green beans, soya beans, soya sauce, eggs, nuts, olive oil
• Human body contains 3 ppm in their tissues
• It provides strength to the titanium base
• It provides stability to the titanium β - phase
• Cheaper rate than zirconium and vanadium etc

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COST CHART

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MEDICAL COMPONENT

AMERICA

(COST IN USD)

INDIA�(COST IN USD)

HIP JOINT

KNEE JOINT

DENTAL IMPLANT

1100

1300

900

1000

770

660

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GANTT CHART

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FLOW CHART

Rough vacuum

By hand

EXPERIMENTAL WORK

PARTICLE SIZE

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Ti particle size

Mn particle size

• Laser particle analyzer has been used

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• According to the above graph the size of the titanium powder used is 40.42 microns
• According to the above graph the size of the manganese powder used is 13.19 microns

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X-ray Fluorescence

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• According to the x-ray Fluorescence the percentage purity of the powder is:
• Titanium powder= 98.5%, 0.5% Fe
• Manganese powder= 99%, 0.5% Si

SAMPLE PREPARATION

• From powder metallurgy we have created 3 samples of each ratio 95Ti-5Mn and 90Ti-10Mn
• The theoretical volume calculated was 0.6283 cm³ in which diameter=20 mm and thickness=2mm
• The theoretical density founded were: 95Ti-5Mn=4.65g/cm³ , 90Ti-10Mn=4.798 g/cm³ from Rule of mixtures
• The density we have achieved are:

95Ti-5Mn=4.64g/cm³ , 90Ti-10Mn=4.77 g/cm³ from Rule of mixtures

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BEFORE COMPACTION

AFTER COMPACTION

TITANIUM

50 mesh 98.5% pure

MANGANESE

50 mesh

99% pure

• The maximum pressure exerted to form compaction was 8000 psi/55 MPa/552 Bar

COMPACTION

SINTERING

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10⁰C per min

3 hours

Furnace cool

HOW THE ALLOY WILL HARDENED

• During sintering of non ferrous alloy the most important two things are: the heating temperature and the holding time.
• The heating temperature is important because every non ferrous metal have high corrosion resistance, a passive film forms which then creates problem during this process, the temperature should be enough to break this film.
• The holding time should be enough to completely remove this film and the process of hardening should occur.
• In our case the temperature for breaking the passive layer of titanium is above 800 º C and holding time is minimum 1 hour

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MICROSTRUCTURE(OPTICAL MICROSCOPE)

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Ti-5MN

400X

400X

MICROSTRUCTURE (OPTICAL MICROSCOPE)

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Ti-10Mn

400X

400X

MECHANICAL TESTING

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• Hardness of our sample is greater than Ti6Al4V that is 42 HRC or 406HV

CORROSION TESTING

• Corrosion test by potentiostat in Simulated body fluid (SBF)
• Corrosion rate will be determine by:

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K=3272 for mm/year

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LINEAR POLARIZATION CURVE FOR 90Ti-10Mn

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LINEAR POLARIZATION CURVE FOR 95Ti-5Mn

PREPARATION OF SBF SOLUTION

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BIOCOMPATIBILITY TEST

• A test to determine the functions of an external material inside a human body like environment
• For this we will be using an SBF solution to manipulate the human blood plasma environment

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BEFORE DIPPING

AFTER DIPPING

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• Fuentes, V. S., “Titanium and Titanium Alloys as Biomaterials”.IK-Tekniker, Eibar, Spain: IntechOpen. (2013).
• Lawrence Katz, J., “Anisotropy of Young's modulus of bone.Nature 1980;283 106-107” (1980)
• J., B., "Orthopaedic Biomaterials in Research and Practice”. New York: Churchill Livingstone (1988).
• Abraham, “C. M. A Brief Historical Perspective on Dental Implants, Their Surface Coatings and Treatments”. The Open Dentistry. (2014).
• Burkel, F. Z, Novel, “Titanium Manganese Alloys and Their Macroporous Foams for Biomedical Applications Prepared by Field Assisted Sintering. Biomedical Engineering”, Trends in Materials Science, 23”. (2011).
• Xuanyong Liu, Paul K. Chu, Chuanxian Ding, "Surface modification of titanium, titanium alloys, and related materials for biomedical applications”, Materials Science and Engineering R 47 (49–121), 2004.
• Vinicius André Rodrigues Henriques, Pedro Paulo de Campos, Carlos Alberto Alves Cairo, José Carlos Bressiani, “Production of Titanium Alloys for Advanced Aerospace Systems by Powder Metallurgy, Materials Research”, Vol. 8, No. 4, (443-446), 2005.
• Jairo M. Cordeiro, Thamara Beline, Ana Lúcia R. Ribeiro, Elidiane C. Rangel, Nilson C. da Cruz, Richard Landers, Leonardo P. Faverani, Luís Geraldo Vaz, Laiza M.G. Faish, Fabio B. Vicente, Carlos R. Grandini, Mathew T. Mathew, Cortino Sukotjo, Valentim A.R. Barão, "Development of binary and ternary titanium alloys for dental implants”, Dental materials 33 (1244–1257), 2017.

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REFERENCES

�QUESTIONS?

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��THANK YOU

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