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History and Practice of Maple Sugaring

Russ, Margo and Scott Hanson

Hanson Maple Sugarbush

Maple sugaring in WI for over 150 years

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Discovery of Maple Sugar

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Vocabulary

  • Maple Words
  • Tap: to drill a hole in the tree and insert a spile
  • Spile: (another name for a tap)
  • Run: A few days each season when the sap really runs a lot
  • Sap, Syrup, Sugar --what is the difference?

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Sugar Maples on the Seidemann Farm? 1859 Farmington Map

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1837 Surveyor map and notes

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Surveyor Notes

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Maple sugar vs Syrup

  • Cooking sap to approximately 7 degrees above the boiling point of water makes pure maple syrup.
  • Liquids are harder to store than solids. Adding water turns it back to syrup.

  • Cooking sap to approximately to approximately 26 degrees about the boiling point of water makes maple sugar.
  • Most maple was sugar into the early 20th century.

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Original Methods

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Birchbark and Wood

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Hot Stones in Sap

The Ojibwe word ziinzibaakwad—maple sap—literally means ‘drawn from the wood.’

This is a remarkably precise description of the process used long before steel spiles and tubing made it routine.

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Traders brought metal kettles

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Native Americans

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Northern Europe

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The common story says that Native Americans taught Europeans how to make maple sugar. That’s true—but incomplete.

Indigenous people knew the forests, the trees, and the seasons. Europeans, coming from northern climates, were already familiar with tapping trees like birch.

What happened in North America was not a one-way lesson, but a collaboration: Native knowledge of the land combined with European tools and techniques—especially metal kettles—created the maple sugar industry we recognize today.”

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Blanding Photos 1904

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Maple Drive - Blanding House

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Spiles from the past

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County Fair Maple Poster

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Tapping hole size

  • Native Americans 12 inch gashes in tree
  • 1800s One Inch tap 64/64
  • 1900s ½ inch tap 32/64
  • 1950s 7/16 inch tap 28/64
  • 2000 5/16 inch tap 20/64
  • Spiles available now 19/64��Trend to Smaller Holes

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Sugar Bush Maple Grove �Barron County Hansons 1900

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Hanson Sugarbush 1920s

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1950s on the Hanson Farm

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Orr Lake Sugarbush 2003

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Finishing

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Maple Sugarbush Cabin

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First Sugar Shack

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Brother Everett and Margo in the old Sugar Shack

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New Sap Shed in 2009

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Sap often runs after snow falls

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Hanson Maple 2022

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Scott Leads the Co Fair Syrup Judging Panel 2019 – 32 samples

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Questions

How much does your book cost? Why is it labeled “350 Years?”

How is the price of maple syrup set?