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Weather

Science FUNdamentals

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01

Clouds & Rain Clouds

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What do you know

about weather ?

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OUTLINE

  • Clouds and Rain Clouds
  • Understanding Tornados
  • Pressure

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How are clouds formed?

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Howard Perlman, USGS. "The Water Cycle for Schools and Students: Advanced Students." The Water Cycle for Schools and Students. USGS. Web. Aug. 2020. <https://water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle-kids-adv.html>.

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Making Clouds

  1. Water vapour-the gaseous state of water; appears as tiny droplets of water in the air
  2. Evaporation-when the air gets hot enough, water vapour rises
  3. Condensation-water vapour cools and contracts and may form a cloud

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Clouds are made up of lots of tiny water droplets!

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"Cloud Formation." Cloud Formation | North Carolina Climate Office. North Carolina Climate Office. Web. Aug. 2020. <https://climate.ncsu.edu/edu/CloudFormation>.

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Credit: Chemistry Experiment Vector Illustration By Vecteezy

Activity 1

Cloud in a Jar

Credit: Chemistry Experiment Vector Illustration By Vecteezy

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Credit: Chemistry Experiment Vector Illustration By Vecteezy

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What happened?

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  • Warm water heats the air in the jar, causing some of the water to evaporate.
  • Water vapour rises to the top of the jar.
  • Air was cooled by ice on the top of the jar.
  • Water vapour condensed onto the particles of hairspray, forming a cloud!
  • ​

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How is rain formed?

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Precipitation

Free Homework Help. "Science Review of Streams and the Water Cycle." Free Homework Help. Free Homework Help Https://schooltutoring.com/help/wp-content/themes/osmosis/images/empty/thumbnail.jpg, 24 Oct. 2015. Web. Aug. 2020.

  • Water condenses and “groups together”
  • The droplets are too heavy for the cloud to hold
  • Fall as rain, snow, or hail

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Activity 2:

Making Rain Clouds

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What happened?

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  • What observations can we make (higher concentration vs. lower concentration)?
  • Water vapour that is more dense will fall through the atmosphere faster.

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Understanding Tornadoes

02

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How are tornadoes formed?

  1. Supercell: large thunderstorm cloud
  2. Water vapour condenses over a longer period of time
  3. Wind tunnel forms and flips the cloud.
  4. Powerful winds spin the cloud.

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How are tornadoes formed?

Ezekowitz, Vanessa. "Supercell." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 25 July 2020. Web. 09 August. 2020.

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Activity 3:

Tornado in a Bottle

Credit: Chemistry Experiment Vector Illustration By Vecteezy

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Credit: Chemistry Experiment Vector Illustration By Vecteezy

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  • Vortex → liquids and gases travel in spirals around
  • Vortex created when rotating liquid falls through an

opening

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What happened?

​

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03

PRESSURE

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WHAT IS AIR PRESSURE?

Air is everywhere around us!

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Air pressure is the weight of all the air above and around us.

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  • Air always moves from HIGH pressure to LOW pressure, creating WINDS!

HIGH PRESSURE LOW PRESSURE

PRESSURE

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  • Different amounts of air pressure can sometimes cause different weather

Air Pressure and Weather

  • Low air pressure:

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  • cloudy, rain, and sometimes storms

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  • High air pressure:

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  • clear sky, calmer weather

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Activity 4:

Air Pressure

Credit: Chemistry Experiment Vector Illustration By Vecteezy

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Credit: Chemistry Experiment Vector Illustration By Vecteezy

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What Happened?

  • Oxygen inside is trapped inside the cup.
  • The flame uses up the oxygen in the cup, creating low pressure.
  • Atmospheric pressure tries to force itself in.
  • The water creates an airtight seal and when the air outside tries to go inside the cup, water is pushed up.

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QUESTIONS?

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