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��Evidence-Based Policy-Making (EBPM): �from Data to Decision-Making��Kebijakan Publik dan Aplikasi��Magister Administrasi Publik�Program Pascasarjana�Universitas Ngurah Rai�2020

- Dr. Nyoman Diah Utari Dewi, A.Par., M.AP. -

- Dr. MD. Enjat Munajat, S.Si., M.Ti -

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Latar Belakang

The Fall of Mobility, The Rise of Stay @ Home
Online-Shopping Widening+Deepening: From Wants to Needs
Food Delivery: From “Indulgence” to “Utility”
The Comeback of Home Cooking
Frozen Food: Convenience Solution
Going Omni
Subscription Model Matters
TV Strikes Back
DIY & Self-Care @ Home
Zoomable Workplace @ Home

“Work-Live-Play” Balance: Well-Being Revolution
The Century of Self Distancing
Contact-Free Lifestyle
Low-Trust Society
Constantly-Fear Customers
Jamu Is the New Espresso
Halal (Thoyyiban) Becomes Mainstream
Paylater Solution
The Future of Traveling
Virtual Experience Is the Nex Big Thing

The Emerging VirSocial
Flexible Working Hours: From “9-to-5” to “3-to-2”
The Birth of Zoom Generation
Cloud Lifestyle
Telemedicine: from Visit to Virtual
Online+Home-Schooling
Ibadah Virtual
The Rise of Empathy and Solidarity
From Drone Parenting to Positive Parenting
More Suffering, More Religious

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Latar Belakang

IT Based Decision Making :

33% + 13% + 7% + 5% + 2% + 1 % =

61%

The survey received 245 responses from employees representing a number of federal agencies. The findings were conclusive ― among the options presented, respondents identified evidence-based policy making as most likely to have the greatest impact on the improvement of government services.

Which of the following do you believe will have the greatest impact on improving government services?

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Policy Making Cycle..

Agenda setting

Policy formulation

Legitimation

Implementation

Evaluation

Policy maintenance

(Cairney, 2013)

POLICY MAKING CYCLE

Agenda setting

Policy formulation

Legitimation

Implementation

Evaluation

Policy maintenance

Agenda Setting :

Identifikasi masalah yang memerlukan perhatian pemerintah,
memutuskan masalah mana yang paling pantas diperhatikan dan
menentukan sifat masalah.

Policy Formulation :

Menetapkan tujuan,
mengidentifikasi biaya
memperkirakan dampak solusi,
memilih dari daftar solusi dan
memilih instrumen kebijakan.

Need Evidence

Evidence means data….!!!

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Prinsip Dasar EBPM

EBPM memiliki beberapa prinsip dasar, yaitu

Keputusan didasarkan pada bukti, dan tidak dibuat oleh bukti
Kejelasan tujuan bahwa kebijakan harus dicapai
Bukti (data) harus dilihat dalam konteks, bukan konten

‘Public Policy’ as “anything a government chooses to do or not to do (Thomas Dye, 1972)

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Data Driven Decision Making

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Contoh Kasus…

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People Fully Vaccinated vs Total Case

Periode

5 Jan – 15 Ags

Raw Data :

https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations?country=IDN
https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19

Visualization using Tableau 2021.1.2

ok,

Here, I processed data about fully vaccinated people in Indonesia and data on the total number of cases of covid in Indonesia.

Regarding this data, I try to narrow it down from January 2020 to August 16, 2021, because I only want to show the data in more detail.

Looking at the conditions in Indonesia, we have been hit by the 'activity restriction' policy several times,

I have recorded since the beginning of July until now it has been about 5 times, starting from July 3, July 21, July 26, August 3, August 16

Now, based on the data that I have described, it appears that the total spread of covid in Indonesia is still quite high.

but the good news is that the vaccination rate is even higher in the implementation process.

This is related to the total data for covid and vaccinations

If we look at whether the PPKM or "activity restrictions" are effective or not? We can see the next slide

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People Fully Vaccinated vs New Cases (Daily)

Periode

5 Jan – 15 Ags

PPKM Series
Puncak Gelombang
Lembah Gelombang

Raw Data :

https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations?country=IDN
https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19

Visualization using Tableau 2021.1.2

On this slide you can see,

The average value of the spread of covid since January is at an average of 14 thousand, quite high,

The first peak after the average, was on June 21, the government here should immediately implement PPKM,

However, the PPKM only took effect on July 3, a week has passed since the first peak.

It can be seen at the beginning of the PPKM, the spread of COVID-19 is still very high and has not been effectively reduced.

PPKM looks effective before 1 week after implementation, where indeed many activities are limited here and there.

Until July 21, we saw that the spread rate had decreased relatively,

And the government seems to want to repeat the success of PPKM many times, and it can be seen from the following graph that it is quite effective,

Until August 16, the number of new cases reached 17,000, far beyond the previous peak of 50 thousand.

The good news is that the vaccination rate (green) continues to be increased until it reaches 27 million on August 17 yesterday.

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People Fully Vaccinated vs Total Case (Cont’d)

Periode Vaksinasi pertama Massal

25 June – 15 Ags

PPKM
Puncak
Trends
Prediksi

Raw Data :

https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations?country=IDN
https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19

Visualization using Tableau 2021.1.2

To be fairer,

Here I highlight the initial peak conditions on June 21, to see the effectiveness of PPKM,

It can be seen from the graph, several times the PPKM conditions have been quite effective in reducing the number of COVID-19 even though they tend to fluctuate.

Towards the first wave after PPKM is July 6 with a case rate of 34 thousand,

then reached its peak on 15 July with a total of more than 55 thousand cases,

then the government re-implemented PPKM 21 july, 26 july until now,

The good news is, the pattern of distribution during PPKM tends to decrease, as can be seen from the dotted red line.

Here I believe, with a consistency approach like this, the case will continue to decline, as can be seen from the red dotted line pattern that is getting lower

Again, The good news is, supported by increasingly massive mass vaccinations.

but let's compare our vaccination pattern relative to other Asian countries

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Raw Data :

https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations?country=IDN
https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19

Visualization using Tableau 2021.1.2

3 Indikator :

Total Cases (Million)
Total Vaccinations (Hundred)
Total Death

Terlihat Indonesia total kematian salah satu yang terbesar,

Dengan jumlah vaksinasi sekitar 10,25 per-Hundred salah satu yang terbawah

Walaupun apabila secara jumlah terbesar

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Poverty rate…

Raw Data : BPS Reports

Visualization using Tableau 2021.1.2

Awal pendemi Maret 2020 menuju Agustus, kemiskinan naik sangat siginfikan (5 bln)

1 Mar = 26.420 M

20 Ags = 27.550 M

Delta = 1.130 M

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Connections…

Lack of Coordination between Ministries/Institutions/Regional

Lack of Collaboration between Ministries/Institutions/Regional

Overlapping rules (grey area)

Picture : https://www.floridatoday.com/picture-gallery/news/2020/03/12/coronavirus-photos-what-virus-look-like/5030958002/

Poverty

Government

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Poverty 🡪 Stunting

Dari sini kita dapat melihat :

Kementerian/ Lembaga/ Daerah masing-masing menyelenggarakan program yang sama
Data yang berulang (duplikasi)
Panjangnya rantai birokrasi,
Tidak jelas siapa melakukan apa
Tidak ada yang mengkoordinir/ mengkonsolidasi/ dsb
Kinerja masih ditentukan oleh serapan anggaran
Etc…

Sehingga Indonesia harus mulai peduli :

Sepakati Bisnis Proses
Koordinasi urusan dan bagi habis sesuai tupoksi
1 IKK (tujuan) bersama
Satu Data 🡪 berbagi pakai
Satu Plattform
Satu Services bersama

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RUU HIP (twitter)

sentiment

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John Kei vs Habib Bahar

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Tri Rismaharini

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PSBB Jabar

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Khofifah – Jawa Timur

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PPDB DKI

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Cipta Kerja (1)

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Cipta Kerja (2)

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#TolakOmnibusLaw

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Mahasiswa Bergerak

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Buruh

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Buruh (2)

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DPRKhianatiRakyat

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2

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Blockchain Digital Transformation

BAGIAN HUKUM

Penegakan hukum

BAGIAN HUKUM

Catatan legislasi

DPMPTSP/ BANK

Tagihan Pembayaran

DINAS SOSIAL

Distribusi kesejahteraan

DINAS KEPENDUDUKAN

ID yang didigitalkan

DINAS KESEHATAN

Kesehatan

DISKOMINFO

Perlindungan dunia maya

KEPOLISIAN/ DISKOMINFO

Keamanan dan Keselamatan

DINAS PERPAJAKAN

Perpajakan

Pemerintah dapat menggunakan data blockchain publik untuk memantau transaksi dan menghentikan pencucian uang

Dengan buku besar desentralisasi, Pemerintah dapat menyimpan catatan semua laporan undang-undang dengan cara yang lebih baik

Pemerintah dapat menerapkan teknologi blockchain untuk meningkatkan sistem penagihan dan pembayaran tradisional

Teknologi Blockchain dapat menjadi cara yang bagus untuk memotong kerugian sistem yang akan membuka jalan bagi distribusi kesejahteraan yang lebih baik

Dengan buku besar yang terdesentralisasi, pemerintah dapat menerapkan ID digital untuk warga negara

Pemerintah dapat meningkatkan layanan kesehatan dengan memanfaatkan buku besar yang didistribusikan

Dengan teknologi blockchain, pemerintah dapat memberikan keamanan yang lebih baik terhadap penipuan online

Pemerintah dapat menggunakan teknologi blockchain untuk melindungi infrastruktur vital pemerintah dari serangan dan peretasan maya

Dengan buku besar yang terdesentralisasi, pemerintah dapat mendorong transparansi yang lebih baik dalam menyelesaikan masalah pajak

SATU DATA

UNTUK LAYANAN PUBLIK

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Individu Blockchain Ledger

Diamankan dengan kriptografi Publik/ Private Key, diantaranya :

Data catatan sipil
Data pajak / jaminan sosial
Catatan interaksi individu-Instansi (Pemerintah/ Swasta)
dsb dsb...

DINAS/ KANTOR/ UPT

Pemerintah Kota Bandung dapat dengan mudah mendapatkan informasi yang dibutuhkan untuk memberikan layanan kepada warga negara — sejauh aturan yang telah ditetapkan

Permission

Rule

Permission

PIHAK ke-3

Sektor swasta dapat dimasukkan dalam bagian-bagian tertentu dari layanan blockchain

Setelah kesepahaman terjalin, Instansi Pemerintah/ Pihak ke-3 secara otomatis mendapatkan izin untuk mengakses data warga sejauh aturan yang telah ditetapkan

Warga negara menjalin kontrak dengan Instansi Pemerintah/ Swasta kapanpun dimanapun untuk urusan terkait layanan public (aspirasi publik)

Menentukan situasi di mana informasi dapat dibagikan

Warga Bandung dapat memberi akses kepada Instansi Pemerintah/ Swasta (read/ write) terhadap data individunya (kasus per-kasus)

Read

Write

Masyarakat

Smart Contracts

Regulasi

BIG PICTURE

**) Pihak ketiga :

Perguruan Tinggi,
Media massa
Provider Telekomunikasi, IT
Industri Besar/ Menengah/ Kecil
Komunitas
Perbankan

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