List 5 key understandings for each of the following:

1. Federalist Papers
2. Judiciary Act of 1789
3. Hamilton’s report on public credit Hamilton’s report on manufactures
4. First Bank of the United States
5. Bill of Rights

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Quiz Washington’s Admin �List 5 key understandings for each of the following:

1. Assumption
2. Citizen Genet
3. Jay’s Treaty
4. Elastic Clause
5. Pinckney Treaty
6. Farwell Address

The New Republic

Washington Adams Administrations

1789-1800

Period 3 1754-1800�Washington’s Admin Part 1

• Essay
• Overview of Washington’s Admin
• Domestic Policies
• Executive Cabinet
• Hamilton
• Hamilton’s Financial Plan
• Report on Credit
• Report on Manufactures
• Whiskey Rebellion

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Essay Topic #1

• “Despite its precedent-setting character, the American revolt is noteworthy because it made no serious interruption in the smooth flow of American development.
• Both in intention and in fact the American Revolution conserved the past rather than repudiated it. And in preserving the colonial experience, the men of the first quarter of the Republic's history set the scenery and wrote the script for the drama of American politics for years to come.”
• Assess the validity of this statement.

Essay #2

• “A salient feature of our Revolution was that its animating purpose was deeply conservative.
• The colonials revolted against British rule in order to keep things the way they were, not to initiate a new era.” Assess the validity of this statement.

Essay 3

• “The Declaration of Independence issued a call for a democratic government of equal citizens which was rejected by the writers of the Constitution, who created an aristocratic government that benefited only the wealthy few.” Assess the validity of this statement.
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Essay 3

• “The Declaration of Independence issued a call for a democratic government of equal citizens which was rejected by the writers of the Constitution, who created an aristocratic government that benefited only the wealthy few.” Assess the validity of this statement.
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Essay 4

• By 1796, two clearly defined and conflicting political philosophies emerged in the United States:
• the Federalists, under the influence of Alexander Hamilton and
• the Republicans, under the guidance of Thomas Jefferson.
• Which philosophy best represents the ideals for which the American Revolution was fought?

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Washington Administration 1789-1796

Domestic issues

• Executive Departments Established :
• War, State, Treasury, Attorney General
• Cabinet
• Judiciary Act 1789
• Hamilton's Financial Plan
• Assumption
• B.U.S.
• Whiskey Tax, 1791
• Tariff
• Report on Public Credit 1790
• Report on Manufactures 1791
• US capitol at Washington DC
• Farewell Address, 1796

Foreign Policy

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• Battle of Fallen Timbers, 1794
• Neutrality Proclamation 1793
• Citizen Genet
• Jay Treaty, 1794
• Pinckney Treaty, 1795

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Washington Administration

• He sets the precedent to be president
• He created the Presidency and future presidents emulate his leadership.

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• Executive Cabinet
• Secretary State Jefferson
• Secretary War Knox
• Secretary Treasury Hamilton
• Attorney General Randolph
• Video about GW and Hamilton

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Madison was at-first Washington’s ally in the House of Reps, then he becomes leader of the opposition

Alexander Hamilton 1757-1804

• Genius/intellectual
• Surrogate son of Washington
• Worked as adjutant during Revolution
• Strong advocate of Federal Constitution
• Writes Federalist Papers with Madison and Jay
• Publius
• First Secretary of the Treasury
• Hamilton’s Finance Plan
• Report on Manufacturers
• Report on Credit
• Bank of the United States
• Whiskey Tax
• Tariff
• Assumption
• Duel
• Musical video

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Hamilton’s Financial Plan

• Assumption
• BUS
• Tariff
• Excise Taxes/Whiskey Tax
• Sale of Indian land

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Alexander Hamilton 1757-1804

Major Accomplishments

Advocated for Strong Financial Health for USA Financial plan=(Assumption, Whiskey Tax, Tariff, BUS)

Financial Plan

• Assumption:
• The Federal Government takes over the debts of the revolution and the states
• to create a strong financial program for the government and
• strengthen credit worthiness of FED government as a whole.
• B.U.S. Created the first Bank of the United States- using the concept of the Elastic Clause of the Constitution –
• See Article I section 8 (Elastic Clause)
• The Capital of the Fed GOV= Virginia= Washington DC

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Financial Plan

• Tariff- tax on imported goods (protects American industry)
• Excise Tax Whiskey Tax- on Whiskey
• Sale of Indian Land

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Economic Philosophy

• Report on Public Credit (1790)
• Plan to shape fiscal policies of the administration to favor wealthier groups
• In return, the wealthy would lend the gov't monetary & moral support
• The union will be strengthened by strong Finances
• Report on Manufactures (1791)
• Advocated promotion of a factory system in U.S. so the nation could exploit its national resources and strengthen capitalism.
• Was the basis for the tariff component in his financial plan.

Judiciary Act of 1789

• Establishes the federal court system

Organized the Supreme Court with a chief justice (John Jay) and five associates

• Organized federal district and circuit courts.
• Established the office of attorney general.
• Courts will interpret the constitution = can overturn laws made by states or the Congress

Whiskey Rebellion1794

• Western Pennsylvania farmers organize and protest whiskey tax and Washington mobilizes 15,000 militia to confront, ends peacefully
• Significance: Washington asserts power of Federal government
• Reminiscent of pre-revolution actions of Brits, Lexington…

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Period 3 1754-1800�Washington’s Administration P2

• Foreign Policy
• Fallen Timbers
• Neutrality Proclamation
• Citizen Genet
• Jay Treaty
• Pinkney Treaty

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• Federalist Agenda
• James Madison
• Republican Agenda
• Farewell Address

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Washington’s �Foreign Policy

Indian War/Fallen Timbers

Napoleonic Wars Naval video

Impressment

Trade interference

Neutrality Proclamation

Jay Treaty

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Battle of Fallen Timbers

• 1794 Indian battle
• General “Mad” Anthony Wayne (Fort Wayne, Indiana)
• Americans beat the Indians (a group of tribes, supplied and aided by British forts in the area)
• Major victory for Americans
• Reduced Indian resistance to American settlers.
• Treaty of Grenville signed
• Native Americans turned over to the United States large parts of modern-day OhioNative Americans turned over to the United States large parts of modern-day Ohio, the future site of ChicagoNative Americans turned over to the United States large parts of modern-day Ohio, the future site of Chicago, and the Fort Detroit area.

Neutrality Proclamation of 1793

• Washington Executive Order
• Proclaimed U.S. neutrality toward the war between Britain and France
• Warned citizens to be impartial to both Britain & France
• Citizen Genet (French Diplomat-caused complaint from Washington, he wanted US to support the French in war against Britain) Video

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Washington Administration

• Jay Treaty with British, 1794
• British and French at war again
• Americans want to stay out of war
• Brits had been seizing American property (impressment)
• Bad treaty for Americans-
• Brink of War, the federalist need to appease British.
• Complaints of seizing US ships, seamen, and inciting Indians on the frontier

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• Americans agree to pay Revolutionary debts
• British agree to pay for seizure of US property and promise to leave the forts in the Ohio area.
• (but they stay in the forts)

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Pinkney Treaty

• Negotiated a settlement Americans to navigate/transport goods down the Mississippi to New Orleans
• Significance: Americans get another recognition of American claims and sovereignty over territory

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Pinckney Treaty with Spain, 1795

Federalist Agenda

• Strong National Government
• Support in the Northeast and trading centers both North and South
• Pro-British -Anti-French
• Commercial strength (trade)
• Manufacturing protection- tariff to support trade
• Advocated strong economic health
• Fund public debt from revolution
• Certificates- issue of speculators buying them in anticipation of government purchase
• Assume state debts- Assumption plan- in exchange for national capital in the south
• (Washington D. C.)
• National Bank= BUS
• To create stable center for banks
• Offer business loans
• Create order to the finances of government/taxes and spending
• Taxes to build economic strength (debt)
• Sale of Western land
• Whiskey tax
• Import taxes
• Subsidiary strategy: to align wealthy elites to support the new government
• Debt the government being in debt was OK for Hamilton

James Madison-

• architect of the Constitution-
• Federalist first then Republican-
• Father of the Constitution

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• Wrote the Bill of Rights

Madison on Partisanship

• “The public good is disregarded in conflicts of rival parties.
• And measure are too often decided not according to the rules and justice and the rights of the minor party but by the superior force of an interested and overbearing majority”

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Republican Agenda 1790’s

Farewell Address

• 1796 Advice to country (only served 2 terms)
• 1. Beware of partisanship (political party infighting
• 2. Observe good faith in government
• 3. Avoid international alliances
• “Entangling Alliances”

4. Support public credit/finances

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Period 3 1754-1800�Adams Administration and Election 1800

• Overview
• XYZ Affair
• Quasi War
• Alien Sedition Acts
• Adams Perspective
• Barbary Pirates
• Election 1800
• Cotton Gin

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Adams Administration 1796-1800

Domestic

• Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798

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• Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, 1798
• Judiciary Act 1801
• “Midnight Judges”

Foreign Policy

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• XYZ Affair, 1797
• Quasi War 1798

Adams Administration 1796-1800

• XYZ Affair, 1797-
• Problems with French, during the French Revolution, French Navy was seizing American ships
• French Ministers- “XY and Z” asked for bribes in relation to receiving American Ambassadors
• Adams informed Congress
• Quasi War 1798
• Hostility on part of US toward French not quite a war.
• Congress, Boycott of French trade followed
• Support for Navy increases in Congress
• Later American-Franco relations improve with Napoleon

Federalists limits Aliens and First Amendment Rights- �(really about political infighting)

• Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798
• Alien Act- limited immigration and provided for deportation of immigrants
• Aimed at French immigrants, who supported the Republicans
• Never deported people
• Caused the Republicans to attack the law

Adams and Sedition

• Adams and Federalist push for laws regarding libel and sedition
• Partisan=political party
• People who opposed measures of the government – Print, wrote, spoke, or
• False or scandalous/malicious writings could be prosecuted.

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• Criticism of Government could be punished
• Some Republican publishers are arrested.

Virginia/Kentucky Resolutions

• Republicans response from Madison and Jefferson- sponsor attacks on the Alien/Sedition Acts
• Resolutions from the state legislatures of Kentucky and Virginia
• Said the Alien/Sedition laws were unconstitutional
• Resolutions were meant to attack Federalists abuse of power
• Represent the concept that states have the right to make NULL (consider VOID) acts of Congress that the states consider unconstitutional= Nullification

Adams and the Barbary Pirates

• Barbary Pirates- 1794- Algeria
• Pirates seize American ships, cause Congress to support development of Navy
• Navy Appropriations

Election 1800

Election of 1800 (linkElection of 1800 (link) (Drunk History) link

• Adams Vs. Jefferson
• Hamilton splits the Federalist votes by advocating for Pinckney-
• Two leading candidates: Jefferson and Burr each had- 73 votes
• Election was decided by the House of Reps- see Constitution Article II section 1
• Hamilton persuades reps to vote for Jefferson
• Jefferson is the Third President of the United States

Quiz 10 things�Federalist Agenda Democrat Republican Agenda

Southern Cotton Economy

• Eli Whitney- invented the
• Cotton Gin- made production of cotton easier and increased production
• Led to the expansion of cotton industry in the south
• Textile industry will develop in the North

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Interchangeable Parts