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DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE OF INDIA,PAKISTAN AND CHINA

A COMAPARATIVE CASE STUDY

(PART-2) AMITKUMAR JNV NAHAN HP

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Dear Students,

  • In previous assignment we had discussed regarding development strategies of India, China & Pakistan.
  • In this assignment ,we are going to discuss about GDP growth story, Structure of growth

,Human Development & Demographic Profile

of all three nations.

  • Before that you are requested to thoroughly go for the previous assignment.

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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF �THE ECONOMIES OF �INDIA,CHINA AND PAKISTAN

  • Comparative performance of the economies of India, China & Pakistan is studied with reference to the following parameters :

GDP growth

​

​

Structure of growth

Demographic profile Human development

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(1)GDP Growth

  • Following discussion offers a brief description of the growth story of China, India & Pakistan:

​

Growth story of China

GDP growth in the early 1980’s

  • The jump has indeed very substantial i.e. from 4% p.a to

10% p.a.

Between 1979-

2015

  • GDP growth rate was expected 10% p.a but it reached its peak

of 15.2%.

GDP growth in recent past(16-19)

  • However, in recent past GDP growth rate has slowed down.

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Growth story of India

  • Growth story of India is explained in terms of following observations:
  • Indian economy, achieved an annual growth rate of 5.9%.

Between the years 1951-

1990

  • Due to adoption of LPG ,it had increased to around 7% p.a.

After 1991

  • Slowdown in GDP growth rate

due to scams and scandals

,drought of FDI etc.

GDP growth rate in recent past

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Growth story of Pakistan

  • Following observations highlight the growth story of Pakistan:
  • Pakistan economy recorded an average annual growth rate of 4.14%.

Between 1960-2017

  • Pakistan economy has almost sunk into “low income-low growth" trap.

Consequence of slow GDP growth rate

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Conclusive points regarding �GDP growth story

  • China has outpaced both India & Pakistan with regard to GDP growth.
  • India has performed better than Pakistan. But compared with China is way behind.
  • The success of China is an eye-opener for most developing nations of the world.
  • The relative success of China is credited to political stability in China.

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(2)Structure of Growth

  • The following table sums up the experience of India, Pakistan and China in this respect. The table is based on the data-set for the year 2016 or close to it:

Structure of growth

Sector

Percentage share in GDP

​

Percentage share in

employment

​

India

Pakistan

China

India

Pakistan

China

Primary

15.4

24.4

7.9

47

42.3

27.7

Secondary

23.1

19.1

40.5

22

22.6

28.8

Tertiary

61.5

56.5

51.6

31

35.1

43.5

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(3) Demographic Profile

  • The following table presents some critical indicators of the demographic profile of India, China & Pakistan:

Selected Demographic Indicators,2011

Country

Estimated population(in million)

Annual growth of population (2001-2011)

Density (per sq. km)

Sex Ratio (number of women per thousand men)

Urbanization

India

1210

1.76

382

940

31.2

China

1339

0.47

143

950

51.3

Pakistan

176.2

1.8

225

952

37.2

Source: Census 2011,HDR 2012 and World Bank

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(4) Human Development

  • Some important indicators of human development are:

Life expectancy

​

​

Adult literacy rate

​

​

Percentage of population below poverty line.

Infant mortality rate Maternity mortality rate

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HDI(Human Development Index)

  • Based on these indicators ,a composite index is constructed, called HDI.
  • Higher value of HDI points to a higher rank and a higher level of growth and development for a country.
  • As per annual HDI 2019 report, released on December 9,2019 India ranked at 129th position, Pakistan at 152nd position & China at 85th position out of 189 countries and territories.

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CONCLUSION

  • In all the respects, India remained far behind. As a matter of fact ,India has been providing protection to labour-intensive segments of the economy.
  • It is owing to this factors that China has emerged as 2nd largest economy in the world, while India is lagging way behind.

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THAT’S THE END OF THE TOPIC

THANKS