1 of 29

Mediastinum Apex Atria Heart

Ventricles Valves Dub Lub Endocardium Aorta Snow

Veins Diastole Atrium Oxygen

Coronary Pressure Cardiovascular

Heart attack Systole Vessels

Blood Arteries Myocardium Lungs

Bicuspid Semilunar Body Base

Deoxygenated Venae Cavae Mechanic

Pick 10-Circulatory System

Slide 0

2 of 29

Bell Work Chapter 5

6) The combining form that means blood vessel is ____________.

7) A medical term that means surgical repair of a valve is ______.

8) A medical term that means inflammation of a valve is _______.

9) A medical term that means involuntary muscle contraction of a vessel is ____________________.

10) A medical term that means ruptured artery is _____________.

Slide 1

3 of 29

Bell Work Chapter 5

11) A medical term that means narrowing of a vessel is ____________________.

12) A medical term that means inflammation of inner heart is ____________________.

13) A medical term that means state of fast heart is ____________________.

14) The combining form that means clot is ____________________.

15) A medical term that means heart muscle disease is ____________________.

Slide 2

4 of 29

Video intro

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RiYOuI7iyp8&feature=autoplay&list=PL232E6883B15F497F&playnext=1

Slide 3

5 of 29

Circulatory/Cardiovascular System

Slide 4

6 of 29

Heart

Location, size, position

Triangular organ located in mediastinum with two thirds of the mass to the left of the body midline and one third to the right; the apex on the diaphragm
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)—rhythmic compression of the heart between the sternum and vertebrae can maintain blood flow during cardiac arrest; if combined with artificial respiration procedure, it can be life saving

�

Slide 5

7 of 29

Heart

(…Cont’d)

Anatomy

Heart chambers

Two upper chambers are called atria (receiving chambers)—right and left atria
Two lower chambers are called ventricles (discharging chambers)—right and left ventricles
Wall of each heart chamber is composed of cardiac muscle tissue called myocardium
Endocardium—smooth lining of heart chambers—inflammation of endocardium is endocarditis

� (Cont’d…)

Slide 6

8 of 29

Heart

(…Cont’d)

Covering sac or pericardium

Pericardium is a two-layered fibrous sac with a lubricated space between the two layers
Inner layer is the visceral pericardium, or epicardium
Outer layer is the parietal pericardium

Heart action

Contraction of the heart is called systole; relaxation is diastole

� (Cont’d…)

Slide 7

9 of 29

(…Cont’d)

Heart sounds

Two distinct heart sounds in every heartbeat or cycle—“lub-dup”
First (lub) sound is caused by the vibration and closure of AV valves during contraction of the ventricles
Second (dup) sound is caused by the closure of the semilunar valves during relaxation of the ventricles

� (Cont’d…)

Heart

Slide 8

10 of 29

Heart

(…Cont’d)

Blood flow through the heart

Heart acts as two separate pumps—the right atrium and ventricle performing different functions from the left atrium and ventricle

� (Cont’d…)

Slide 9

11 of 29

Heart

(…Cont’d)

Blood flow through the heart

Sequence of blood flow: venous blood enters the right atrium through the superior and inferior venae cavae—passes from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle; from the right ventricle it passes through the pulmonary semilunar valve to the pulmonary artery to the lungs—blood moves from the lungs to the left atrium, passing through the bicuspid (mitral) valve to the left ventricle; blood in the left ventricle is pumped through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta and is distributed to the body as a whole

(Cont’d…)

Slide 10

12 of 29

Let’s Draw!

Slide 11

13 of 29

Heart

(…Cont’d)

Blood supply to the heart muscle

Blood, which supplies oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium of the heart, flows through the right and left coronary arteries

Blockage of blood flow through the coronary arteries is called myocardial infarction (heart attack)

� (Cont’d…)

Slide 12

14 of 29

Heart

Angina pectoris—chest pain caused by inadequate oxygen to the heart

Coronary bypass surgery—veins from other parts of the body are used to bypass blockages in coronary arteries

�

Slide 13

15 of 29

Heart

Cardiac cycle

Heartbeat is regular and rhythmic—each complete beat is called a cardiac cycle; average is about 72 beats per minute

Each cycle, about 0.8 second long, is subdivided into systole (contraction phase) and diastole (relaxation phase)

�

Slide 14

16 of 29

Heart

Stroke volume—volume of blood ejected from one ventricle with each beat

Cardiac output—amount of blood that one ventricle can pump each minute; average is about 5 L per minute at rest

�

Slide 15

17 of 29

Conduction System of the Heart

Normal structure and function

SA (sinoatrial) node, the pacemaker—located in the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava
AV (atrioventricular) node—located in the right atrium along the lower part of the interatrial septum
AV bundle (bundle of His)—located in the septum of the ventricle
Purkinje fibers—located in the walls of the ventricles

Slide 16

18 of 29

Specialized conduction system structures generate and transmit the electrical impulses that result in contraction of the heart

These tiny electrical impulses can be picked up on the surface of the body and transformed into visible tracings by a machine called an electrocardiograph

Electrocardiogram

Slide 17

19 of 29

Heart

(…Cont’d)

The visible tracing of these electrical signals is called an electrocardiogram, or ECG
The normal ECG has three deflections or waves called the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T wave

Depolarization=contraction, Repolarization=relaxation

P wave—associated with depolarization of the atriums
QRS complex—associated with depolarization of the ventricles(atrium repolarization)
T wave—associated with repolarization of the ventricles

Slide 18

20 of 29

Slide 19

21 of 29

Blood Vessels

Kinds

Arteries—carry blood away from the heart
Veins—carry blood toward the heart
Capillaries—carry blood from the arterioles to the venules

� (Cont’d…)

Slide 20

22 of 29

Blood Vessels

(…Cont’d)

Functions

Arteries—distribution of nutrients, gases, etc. with movement of blood under high pressure; assist in maintaining the arterial blood pressure
Capillaries—serve as exchange vessels for nutrients, wastes, and fluids
Veins—collect blood for return to the heart; low-pressure vessels

Cardiovascular Song

Slide 21

23 of 29

Slide 22

24 of 29

Circulation

Plan of circulation—refers to the blood flow through the vessels arranged to form a circuit or circular pattern
Types of circulation

Systemic circulation

Carries blood throughout the body

� (Cont’d…)

Slide 23

25 of 29

Circulation

(…Cont’d)

Pulmonary circulation

Carries blood to and from the lungs; arteries deliver deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange

Hepatic portal circulation

Unique blood route through the liver

Fetal circulation

Refers to circulation before birth

� (Cont’d…)

Slide 24

26 of 29

Blood Pressure

Blood pressure is push or force of blood in the blood vessels
Highest in arteries, lowest in veins
Blood pressure gradient causes blood to circulate—liquids can flow only from the area where pressure is higher to where it is lower

Khan Academy Video

� (Cont’d…)

Slide 25

27 of 29

Blood Pressure

(…Cont’d)

Blood volume, heartbeat, and viscosity are main factors that produce blood pressure
Blood pressure varies within normal range from time to time
Venous return of blood to the heart depends on five mechanisms—a strongly beating heart, adequate arterial blood pressure, valves in the veins, pumping action of skeletal muscles as they contract, and changing pressures in the chest cavity caused by breathing

Slide 26

28 of 29

Pulse

Definition—alternate expansion and recoil of the blood vessel wall
Places where you can count the pulse easily

Superficial temporal artery, facial artery, carotid artery, axillary artery, brachial artery, radial artery, femoral artery, popliteal (posterior to patella), dorsalis pedis

Slide 27

29 of 29

The End

Slide 28